變電構(gòu)架避雷針結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)振響應(yīng)分析與減振優(yōu)化研究

摘 要：針對(duì)煙臺(tái)某變電站構(gòu)架避雷針在風(fēng)場作用下產(chǎn)生的渦激振動(dòng)等異常振動(dòng)問題，該研究通過數(shù)值模擬進(jìn)行避雷針結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)振響應(yīng)分析，并探討相應(yīng)的減振優(yōu)化方案。首先，利用現(xiàn)場實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)獲取變電構(gòu)架避雷針的基本動(dòng)力特性，并根據(jù)目標(biāo)譜擬合方法模擬脈動(dòng)風(fēng)的荷載時(shí)程，為后續(xù)動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析提供基礎(chǔ)。其次，基于這些數(shù)據(jù)，建立精細(xì)化的有限元模型，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性進(jìn)行分析。針對(duì)避雷針結(jié)構(gòu)的特性和調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器在避雷針結(jié)構(gòu)中的不同安裝位置，提出3種不同的減振控制策略。通過在脈動(dòng)風(fēng)下進(jìn)行時(shí)程反應(yīng)分析，檢驗(yàn)不同策略下結(jié)構(gòu)的響應(yīng)，并進(jìn)行參數(shù)化分析。結(jié)果顯示，基于實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)的精細(xì)化有限元模型能夠準(zhǔn)確模擬結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性，隨著質(zhì)量比的增加，調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器的控制效果逐漸提高，但增長率逐漸減小;在相同質(zhì)量比下，同時(shí)控制避雷針一階和二階結(jié)構(gòu)頻率的策略比僅控制單一頻率更為有效。通過該研究，對(duì)于變電構(gòu)架避雷針的風(fēng)振響應(yīng)與減振優(yōu)化提供全面深入的探討，并為類似問題的解決提供有益的參考與啟示。

關(guān)鍵詞：構(gòu)架避雷針;脈動(dòng)風(fēng);渦激振動(dòng);有限元模型;調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器;優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)

中圖分類號(hào)：TM862 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：2095-2945（2024）30-0064-04

Abstract： Aiming at the abnormal vibration problems such as vortex-induced vibration caused by a lightning rod frame in Yantai under the action of wind fields， this study analyzed the wind-vibration response of the lightning rod structure through numerical simulation， and discussed corresponding vibration reduction optimization schemes. First， the basic dynamic characteristics of the lightning rod of the substation frame are obtained using on-site measured data， and the load time history of the pulsating wind is simulated according to the target spectrum fitting method， providing a basis for subsequent dynamic response analysis. Subsequently， based on these data， a refined finite element model was established to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the structure. According to the characteristics of the lightning rod structure and the different installation positions of the tuned mass damper in the lightning rod structure， three different vibration reduction control strategies are proposed. By conducting time-history response analysis under fluctuating wind， the response of the structure under different strategies is tested and parametric analysis is carried out. The results show that the refined finite element model based on measured data can accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of the structure; as the mass ratio increases， the control effect of the tuned mass damper gradually improves， but the growth rate gradually decreases; at the same mass ratio， the strategy of simultaneously controlling the first and second order structural frequencies of the lightning rod is more effective than controlling only a single frequency. Through this research， a comprehensive and in-depth discussion on the wind-vibration response and vibration reduction optimization of lightning rod for substation frames is provided， and useful reference and inspiration are provided for solving similar problems.

Keywords： frame lightning rod; pulsating wind; vortex-induced vibration; finite element model; tuned mass damper; optimal design

在變電站中，避雷針多采用圓截面鋼管結(jié)構(gòu)，容易在風(fēng)場作用下發(fā)生渦激振動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生異常振動(dòng)，甚至遭受風(fēng)致破壞[1]。對(duì)于避雷針結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)控制，通常采用氣動(dòng)控制措施[2]和附加減振裝置[3]。……