



摘 要:三元催化劑(TWC)旨在同時(shí)催化發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廢氣中氮氧化物(NOx)的還原以及一氧化碳(CO)和碳?xì)浠衔铮℉C)的氧化。理論上,在化學(xué)計(jì)量空燃比下可以獲得最佳性能。然而,由于空氣和燃料估計(jì)誤差以及燃料供給滯后,實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的條件是不可行的。為了補(bǔ)償空燃比(AFR)的固有誤差,催化劑配方中添加了儲(chǔ)氧成分(OSC),以緩沖不需要的AFR偏差。TWC架構(gòu)可以為串聯(lián)封裝在一起的(UF)系統(tǒng),也可以分為兩個(gè)單獨(dú)封裝的系統(tǒng),分割將取決于催化劑的體積和性能要求,例如CC+UF架構(gòu)使TWC元件體積的一部分更靠近排氣歧管(更高的溫度)以獲得更好的催化劑轉(zhuǎn)換性能。
關(guān)鍵詞:三元催化劑;儲(chǔ)氧成分;老化規(guī)格;后處理架構(gòu);三元催化劑選型
中圖分類號(hào):TQ426 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-2945(2024)31-0117-04
Abstract: Three-way catalysts (TWC) are designed to simultaneously catalyze the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in engine exhaust. In theory, the best performance can be achieved at stoichiometric air-fuel ratios. However, due to air and fuel estimation errors and fuel supply delays, achieving such conditions is not feasible. In order to compensate for inherent errors in air-fuel ratio (AFR), an oxygen storage component (OSC) is added to the catalyst formulation to buffer unwanted AFR deviations. The TWC architecture can be a series packaged UF system, or it can be divided into two separately packaged systems, and the division will depend on the catalyst volume and performance requirements. For example, the CC+UF architecture brings part of the TWC element volume closer to the exhaust manifold (higher temperatures) for better catalyst conversion performance.
Keywords: three-way catalyst; oxygen storage component; aging specification; post-treatment structure; three-way catalyst selection
在“國(guó)六”階段,天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)采用理論空燃比燃燒的技術(shù)路線,后處理催化劑需要匹配三元催化劑,同時(shí)能凈化一氧化碳、碳?xì)浠衔锖偷趸铩H呋瘎┰谄蛙嚿系玫搅藦V泛的應(yīng)用。但是由于天然氣車的尾氣成分和汽油車尾氣成分不同,傳統(tǒng)的汽油車三元催化劑很難滿足天然氣尾氣凈化的要求。為了匹配滿足性能和排放要求的天然氣后處理,需要對(duì)三元催化劑進(jìn)行選型和設(shè)計(jì)。三元催化劑的選型開(kāi)發(fā)主要是確定涂層技術(shù)和貴金屬含量,載體尺寸和結(jié)構(gòu)選擇主要與整車布置相關(guān)。本文詳細(xì)介紹三元催化劑的選型和設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)尾氣凈化滿足排放法規(guī)的同時(shí),性能、可靠性、成本的平衡。
1 三元催化劑主要反應(yīng)……p>