英文摘要

Abstracts

BigTechinGeopolitics：TSMCintheCrossfireofChina-U.S.StrategicCompetition

LIWeiandLIYuyi

Abstract：TaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingCompany（TSMC），hailedastheworld’sleadingchipfoundry，exemplifiesthenotionofa“superenterprise”duetoitsmasteryofcoremanufacturingtechnologiesanddominantglobalmarketshare.Despiteitscommercialsuccess，TSMCfindsitselfensnaredina“dilemma”amidescalatinggeopoliticaltensions，forcingthecompanytomakebusinessdecisionsthatcontravenetheprinciplesofeconomicefficiencyandcomparativeadvantage.ThisdilemmaarisesfromTSMC’shighlyglobalizednature，whereinitreliesheavilyonboththeUnitedStatesfortechnologyandcapital，andChinesemainlandformarketaccessandindustrialecosystemsupport.TheintensifyingstrategiccompetitionbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesoverthesemiconductorindustryhasplacedTSMCinaprecariousposition，asitfacesthegrowingriskofeconomicelementsbeing“weaponized”bybothpowers.Consequently，TSMCisunabletofullyalignwitheitherside，norcaniteasilynavigateapaththatbenefitsfromboth.Instead，itmusttreadcarefullyinahighlychallengingenvironment.TSMC’ssituationservesasaclassicexampleofhowgreat-powerrivalryexertspressureonasuperenterprise，influencingitsstrategicbusinessdecisions.Thiscasestudy，inturn，providesamicro-levelviewofhowthegeopoliticallandscapeshapesthebroaderinternationaleconomicorder.

Keywords：bigtech，dilemma，China-U.S.strategiccompetition，weaponizedfactorsofproduction，TSMC

TheBasicLogicofChina-U.S.EconomicRelations：LongCycleandCompetition

WANGZhongmei

Abstract：Inthewakeofthe2007-2008U.S.financialcrisis，besidestheeconomiccyclefactors，containingChina’srisingandwinninginstrategiccompetitionhavebecomeacrucialconsiderationinU.S.tradepolicy.Ascountercyclicalregulationandindustrialstrategyarenotcompletelysynchronized，andthereissometimesaconflictbetweenthetwo，itappearstobeinevitablethatcompetitionbetweenestablishedandemergingpowerswillresultinpolicydistortions.However，thelong-cycletheorymaybeabletoprovideaperspectivetoexplainthattheyarecomplementary，asunderlong-termobjectivesthegreatpowerwillcoordinatethecyclicalregulationandstrategiccompetitioninthesamedirection.ThecorecontentoftheeconomicrelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesatpresentandinthefutureistocompeteforthenextlong-cycleadvantage–technologicalcompetitiveness.AlthoughinthepastChinahasbeenheavilyinfluencedbycyclicalregulationandactivecompetitionimposedbytheUnitedStates，China’stradepolicyisgraduallybecomingmoreindependentandautonomous.

Keywords：China-U.S.relations，economics，longcycle，competition

FromPassiveAdaptationtoProactiveAlignment：TechCompaniesinGreatPowerCompetition

ZHOUYijiang

Abstract：Theroleoftechnologycompaniesasgeopoliticalactorshasbeenunderexploredinacademicdiscussions.Astechnologyincreasinglybecomesastrategictoolfornationstosecuretheirinterestsandexertinfluenceinaneraofgreatpowercompetition，thepowerdynamicsandinterdependenciesbetweentechcompaniesandsovereignstatesareundergoingsignificantshifts.&nbs17BBX57Oo05RdWn7yBQQEA==p;Technologycompanies，leveragingtheirleadingroleintechnologicalinnovation，arebecomingcriticalplayersinshapingnationalinnovationcapabilities，domesticgovernance，andoverallnationalpower.Inthisevolvinglandscape，techcompaniesaremovingfrompassivelyadaptingtoproactivelyaligning，activelyparticipatingingeopoliticalstrugglesandinfluencingpolicy-makingtofurthertheircommercialgoals.Throughin-dezitpbL0wRM+EqNvBjeDO2A==pthinterviewswith25professionalsandscholarsinthefieldofartificialintelligence，thispaperexaminestheactionsofthreecompanies—Intel，MistralAI，andOpenAI—touncoverthelogicbehindtheirproactivealignmentandidentifyfourmainrisksassociatedwithit：imbalancedresourceallocation，ineffectiveregulation，weakenedinternationalcooperation，anddistortedecosystems.Therefore，itisimperativeforstatestocarefullymanagethepowerandinterestconflictsposedbytheriseofbigtech.Simultaneously，theymustrecognizetheessentialroleoftechcompaniesinshapingtheglobalpoliticalandeconomicorder，promoteinternationalcooperationwithopennessandinclusivity，andcollaborativelysteertechnologicalinnovationforthebettermentofhumanity.

Keywords：technologycompanies，artificialintelligence，greatpowercompetition，technologyregulation，globalgovernance

TheTransitionofInternationalOrder：CurrentDebatesandFutureDirection

[Iran]MehdiSanaei

Abstract：TheearlythirdmillenniumADwitnessedtheoutbreakofglobalcrisesandchallengesthatexposedtheweaknessofthepossibleunilateralorderandthenegativeaspectsofglobalization.Thisledtoawidespreaddebateamonginternationalrelationsthinkersaboutthetransitionperiodandthefutureoftheworldorder.Therecentoccurrenceoftwomajorglobalcrises，namely，thespreadofCovid-19andthewarinUkraine，hasacceleratedthistransition，promptingrepresentativesofdifferentschoolsofinternationalrelationstoprovidevariousscenariosaboutthefutureoftheworldorder.Thesescenarioscanbeclassifiedintoafewcategories，includingtherevivaloftheunipolarorderinanewtrend，multipolarorder，newbipolarorder，theworldwithoutpoles，andtheemergenceofmultipleregionalhegemons.However，duetothedifferencesandgapsintheconsolidationofpowercenters，aswellasthelackofagreementontherules，itisunlikelythatany ofthesescenarioswillberealizedintheshortterm.Withouttheemergenceofapervasiveandtangiblethreatorafundamentalchangeinthepoliticalcultureofmankind，therulesandstructuresofthepreviousorderwillcontinuetoexistweakly.Thetransitionperiodwillbeextended，andinstabilitywillintensify.Therefore，itisessentialtomanagethistransitionperiodpeacefullybyexpandingregionalallianceswhilerespectingtheculturalandcivilizationaldifferencesoftheactors.Theformationofanewworldordercanonlybeachievedifthereisadialogueofpowersandaconsensusontherulesthatgoverntheinternationalsystem.Untilthen，theinternationalcommunitymustfocusonmaintainingstabilityandmanagingthetransitionperiodtoensureapeacefultransitiontothefutureorder.

Keywords：internationalorder，transition，neworder，worldpowers

WaitingintheWings：TheEU’sQuestforStrategicAutonomy

LUYinglinandXUJin

Abstract：Usingthewindowofopportunitytheory，thispaperseekstoexplaintheconditionsunderwhichandhowEuropecanpursuestrategicautonomy.Decisionmakersusuallyperceivethewindowofopportunityasshortandshrinking，andhaveastrongerurgetopursuestrategicautonomybecauseoftheneedtotakeadvantageofthelimitedtimeavailable.Theopeningofthewindowofopportunityisinfluencedbythetriplefactorsofincreasingself-helpcapabilities，changesinthesystemicenvironment，andtheemergenceofunexpectedevents.AftertheendofWorldWarII，Europehasalwayshadthewillandbehaviortopursuestrategicautonomy，andhasshowndifferentcharacteristicsatdifferenttimes.FromtheColdWartothepresent，Europe’sautonomypracticehasgonethroughthreestagesofbreakingthroughtheColdWarpattern，confrontingtheunipolarpattern，andattemptingtobecomeakeythirdparty，andhasbeenaffectedbytheabovefactorstovaryingdegreesateachstage.Europehasmadesomeachievementsineconomictransformation，norm-setting，andsecurityanddefense，buttherearelimitstoitspursuitofstrategicautonomyduetotheconstraintsofself-helpcapabilities，theUkrainecrisis，andtransatlanticrelations.ByanalyzingthehistoryofEurope’spursuitofstrategicautonomyinapragmaticmanner，wecannotonlyrationallyexplainandpredictthecurrentandfuturestatusandprospectsofEurope’squest，butalsoprovidelessonsforChinaonhowtowinthestrategicinitiativeinthegameoftheChina-UnitedStates-Europetriangle.

Keywords：strategicautonomy，windowofopportunity，EuropeanUnion，transatlanticrelations

FromBandwagoningtoHedging：SaudiArabia’sStrategicShiftamidChina-U.S.Competition

WANGGaoyangandKANGXinyu

Abstract：AsanimportantpoleintheMiddleEast，SaudiArabiaisnotonlyapivotalcountryalongChina’sBRIroutes，butalsoalinchpinofU.S.regionalpolicyintheMiddleEast.Atpresent，China-U.S.competitionisexpandingfromtheIndo-Pacificregiontoawiderarea，andalthoughSaudiArabiaisfacingthepressurebroughtbythegreatpowergame，ithasalsoincreasedtheflexibilityandautonomyofgeostrategicadjustment.Inordertomaximizeitsowninterestsandavoidrisksatthesametime，inrecentyears，SaudiArabiahasgraduallytransformeditslong-standing“bandwagonpolicy”ofgreatpowersintoa“hedgingstrategy.”IntroducingChineseinfluenceandbreakingawayfromitslong-termunilateraldependenceontheUnitedStatesisakeypartofthisstrategy.However，theescalationofstrategiccompetitionintheMiddleEastconfrontsSaudiArabiawithadilemma.ThespaceforSaudiArabiatomaintainthe“hedgingstrategy”willbeaffectedbythesystemicpressure，thedifferentinfluencesthatChinaandtheUnitedStatesexertonSaudiArabia，andRiyadh’sabilitytocopewiththeevolvingexternalenvironment.Atpresent，thepossibilityofdramaticfluctuationsinthetrilateralrelationshipbetweenSaudiArabia，China，andtheUnitedStatesisstilllow，andforalongerperiodoftimeSaudiArabiawillstillhavemorespacetomaintainthehedgingstrategy.

Keywords：SaudiArabia，China-U.S.competition，middlepower，hedgingstrategy，bandwagoning

GlobalCivilizationInitiative：AChineseSolutionforPromotingtheDiversityofHumanCivilization

YUNXinleiandXIALiping

Abstract：TheGlobalCivilizationInitiative，withfour“commonadvocates”asitsmaincontent，isnotonlyrootedintheculturalgenesofChinesecivilization，butalsoinheritsthecivilizationideasofMarxism，andhasformedaglobalcivilizationviewofChinainthenewera.TheproposaloftheGlobalCivilizationInitiativenotonlysafeguardsthenaturallawofworldcivilizationdiversityandprovidesfundamentalguidancefordifferentcivilizationstosolvethe“clashofcivilizationstheory，”butalsoconformstothehistoricalprocessofhumansocialmodernizationandpointsoutthedirectionforcountriesaroundtheworldtoexploremodernizationindependently，andrespondstothe themeofdevelopmentandsecurityofthetimes，whichcontributestoaChinesesolutionfortheinternationalcommunitytoconstructthegardenofhumancivilization.IntheprocessofpromotingandimplementingtheGlobalCivilizationInitiative，ChinaneedstoadvanceitsmodernizationoftheruleoflawtobuildamoderncivilizationfortheChinesenation;promotethespiritofinternationalruleoflawbasedontheUnitedNationsCharterandimplementtheUnitedNationsGlobalAgendaforDialogueamongCivilizations;strengtheninternationalcooperationonintangibleculturalheritageandsharethemissionofdigitalprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage;enhanceofficialculturalcooperationmechanismsamongcountriesandenrichtheconnotationofpeopleexchangesamongnations;establishaglobalplatformfordialogueamongcivilizationsandpromotenewformsofhumancivilization.

Keywords：XiJinpingThoughtonDiplomacy，GlobalCivilizationInitiative，Chinesemodernization，diversityofcivilizations