Hainan Coconut Carving 海南椰雕

在海南，無論身處街市或是鄉村，到處都能望見椰樹的身影。兩千多年的種植歷史激發了人們使用椰子的想象力，也留下了傳統椰雕工藝。

椰雕作為海南省海口市的傳統藝術，是國家級非物質文化遺產之一。它因其工藝精湛、風格古樸、造型優美、地方特色濃厚而聞名。

海南椰雕的雕制工藝有線刻、浮雕、鑲嵌、鏤雕等。線刻和浮雕更為常見，多在椰器表面，展現山水、人物、花鳥、書法及其他內容。鑲嵌和鏤雕工藝多用于更為精致和藝術的椰雕作品，其工藝性、裝飾性和藝術性強烈。

海南椰雕制作必須經過幾道工序，如選料、造模、雕刻、嵌鑲、刨光、修飾等。

In Hainan， whether in the streets or thecountryside， you can see the figure of coconuttrees everywhere. More than 2，000 years ofplanting history has inspired people’s imagination touse coconuts and left behind traditional coconutcarving crafts.

Coconut carving， a traditional art of HaikouCity， Hainan Province， is one of the nationalintangible cultural heritages. It is known for itsexquisite craftsmanship， simple styles，beautiful shapes and strong local characteristics.

Hainan coconut carving technologyincludes line carving， relief， inlay， piercing andso on. Line carving and relief are morecommon， mostly on the surface of thecoconut， showing landscape， figures， flowersand birds， calligraphy and other content. Inlayand piercing are mostly used in more delicateand artistic coconut carving objects， and theircraft， decoration and artistry are strong.

The production of Hainan coconutcarving must go through several processes，such as material selection， molding，engraving， mosaic， polishing and modification.

椰雕產品有小巧玲瓏的果盤、飯碗、酒盞、裝飾盒、項鏈，還有高雅的茶具、酒具、花瓶、燈具，以及各類高檔掛屏、屏風等。

隨著時代的變遷，人們的生產生活方式隨之改變。消費市場的疲軟甚至消失導致許多傳承人放棄了對椰雕這個非物質文化遺產的傳承，椰雕技藝也因失去了實際效用而逐步走向衰落。

傳承人吳名駒一方面通過跟一些高校合作，設立了旅游工藝品雕刻專業課;另一方面，他著手籌備建設手工椰雕資料庫，通過錄像及其他形式把椰雕的制作工序記錄下來，嘗試編成教材，從而讓海南椰雕這門技藝世代傳承下去。

Coconut carving products include small andexquisite fruit plates， rice bowls， wine bowls，decorative boxes， necklaces， as well as elegant teasets， wine sets， vases， lamps， and all kinds of highgradewall hanging screens， screens and so on.

With the change of the time， people’s productionand life styles have changed. The weakening or evendisappearance of the consumer market has led manyinheritors to give up the inheritance of the intangiblecultural heritage of coconut carving， and coconutcarving skills have gradually declined due to the lossof practical utility.

On the one hand， Wu Mingju， the inheritor，established the carving course of tourism craftsthrough cooperation with some universities; on theother hand， he began to prepare for the construction ofa database of handmade coconut carving and recordthe production process of coconut carving through DVand other forms， trying to compile teaching materials，so that Hainan coconut carving will be passed downfrom generation to generation.