摘要 節水灌溉技術的應用能夠實現水資源的科學配置和高效利用,從而促進農業增產增收。本文總結了農業生產中常見的節水灌溉技術,包括噴灌技術、微噴灌技術、滴灌技術、膜上灌溉技術和渠道防滲灌溉技術,分析了其在實際應用中存在的不足。在此基礎上,針對提高農村節水灌溉技術應用效果提出相應策略,包括完善節水灌溉管理體系,完善水利灌溉設施建設,合理選擇并應用節水灌溉技術,以及加大節水灌溉資金投入等,為農村節水灌溉技術的廣泛應用提供參考。
關鍵詞 農村水利;節水灌溉;農業技術;農民增收
中圖分類號 S275" " 文獻標識碼 A" " 文章編號 1007-7731(2024)15-0118-04
DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.15.028
Analysis of rural water-saving irrigation technology
LI Xuefeng
(Water Conservancy Management Station, Wanquan Town, Zhuanglang County, Pingliang 744699, China)
Abstract The application of water-saving irrigation technology can realize the scientific allocation and efficient utilization of water resources, thus promoting the increase of agricultural production and income. In this paper, the common water-saving irrigation technology in agricultural production was summarized, including sprinkler irrigation technology, micro-sprinkler irrigation technology, drip irrigation technology, film irrigation technology and channel seepage prevention irrigation technology. The shortcomings in its practical application were analyzed. On this basis, strategies were put forward to improve the application effect of the technology of water-saving irrigation in rural areas including improving the water-saving irrigation management system, perfecting the construction of water conservancy irrigation facilities, rationally selecting and applying water-saving irrigation technologies, and increasing the investment in water-saving irrigation funds, etc., so as to provide a reference for the extensive application of new technology of water saving irrigation in rural areas.
Keywords rural water conservancy; water-saving irrigation; agricultural technology; farmers income increase
水是影響農業生產發展的一個重要因素,農業生產需水量較大,在農業灌溉水資源相對不足的條件下,須重視農業灌溉中的節水問題。節水灌溉技術的應用能夠實現水資源的科學配置和高效利用,從而促進農業增產增收,普及節水灌溉技術是農業現代化發展的重要目標之一。有效的應用推廣策略能夠強化節水灌溉技術的應用效用。針對節水灌溉技術的選擇和推廣應用的研究主要從農戶視角、節水灌溉技術的經濟效益及應用節水灌溉技術的激勵機制等方面開展。劉維哲等[1]研究了農業水價政策改革與節水技術采用傾向,指出農戶選擇節水灌溉技術的顯著影響因素為作物種植的經濟性、水資源短缺程度,而水價、扶持力度的影響較有限。李嬌等[2]調查分析了不同土地規模下農戶的節水灌溉技術采用行為,指出農技水平較高地區,應用推廣節水技術的最大影響因素是扶持政策;……