

摘要 為有效減少背負(fù)式農(nóng)用噴霧器藥液箱內(nèi)的殘液量,提高農(nóng)藥利用率和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,設(shè)計(jì)了底盤和氣囊圈裝置,提高了出液量,有效解決了噴霧器殘液量過多的問題。本文闡述了背負(fù)式農(nóng)用噴霧器藥液箱底部裝置的基本構(gòu)造、使用方法、主要成效與特點(diǎn)及其應(yīng)用前景,旨在為背負(fù)式農(nóng)用噴霧器藥液箱底部裝置的推廣應(yīng)用提供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞 植保機(jī)械;噴霧器;藥液箱;殘液量;利用率
中圖分類號(hào) S491" " 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A" " 文章編號(hào) 1007-7731(2024)15-0115-03
DOI號(hào) 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.15.027
Improvement and application of the bottom of the medicine liquid tank of"knapsack agricultural sprayer
WANG Xinqun
(Hefei Agricultural Economic and Technical Service Management Station, Hefei 230091, China)
Abstract In order to effectively reduce the amount of residual liquid in the liquid tank of the knapsack agricultural sprayer, improve the utilization rate of pesticides and the economic benefits of agricultural production, the design and assembly of the chassis and air bag ring were designed to improve the liquid output and effectively solve the problem of excessive residual liquid in the sprayer. In this paper, the basic structure, application method, main effect, characteristics and application prospect of the device at the bottom of the medical liquid tank for knapsack agricultural sprayer were described, in order to provide references for the popularization and application of the device.
Keywords plant protection machinery; sprayer; liquid medicine tank; residual liquid volume; utilization rate
背負(fù)式噴霧器是使用較廣泛、生產(chǎn)量較大的一種農(nóng)用器具,是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中防治病蟲草害常用的一種重要農(nóng)具[1]。背負(fù)式噴霧器的部件主要包括液泵、噴射部件、藥液箱、空氣室和傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)等,其中液泵安裝在藥液箱的內(nèi)部,其可視部分是液泵的組成部件——唧筒。背負(fù)式噴霧器的工作原理是利用“空吸作用”,將藥液噴灑出來,因此,唧筒與藥液箱底部須留有間隙,以利于空氣吸入[2]。在實(shí)際使用中,由于間隙的存在,藥液并不能被完全噴出,導(dǎo)致藥液箱底部藥液殘留。依據(jù)噴霧器相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),噴霧器的藥液殘留量根據(jù)不同類型的噴霧器,允許殘液量為100~130 mL。例如,一個(gè)容積16 L的合格背負(fù)式噴霧器,藥液的殘留量至少占到整個(gè)噴霧器藥液量的0.6%,如果各地均使用最低容積16 L噴霧器噴灑農(nóng)藥,每年約1.8萬t藥液得不到合理利用,不僅造成浪費(fèi),農(nóng)藥殘液還可能會(huì)污染環(huán)境。
針對(duì)背負(fù)式農(nóng)用噴霧器存在的資源浪費(fèi)、環(huán)境污染的現(xiàn)狀,行業(yè)相關(guān)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員在不斷地進(jìn)行有益創(chuàng)新[3],很大程度上減少了藥箱藥液殘留量,然而,還存在待改進(jìn)的空間:一是部分改進(jìn)后的裝置不能適用于已出廠的背負(fù)式噴霧器,不能有效提高現(xiàn)有噴霧器的出液量;……