不同造林撫育方式對木荷林生長的影響

摘要 為快速建成高質量木荷防火林帶，本研究以木荷人工林帶為研究對象，調查統計了不同造林撫育方式下木荷林成活率、保存率、樹高和胸徑等數據，分析不同造林撫育方式對木荷林生長的影響，核算不同造林撫育方式的資金投入并進行比較，為木荷防火林帶建設提供參考。結果表明，栽植當年，處理Ⅰ和處理Ⅱ苗木成活率更高，影響有統計學意義（Plt;0.01）；栽植3年，處理Ⅰ和處理Ⅱ的木荷苗木保存率更高，影響有統計學意義（Plt;0.01）；栽植7年，處理Ⅰ和處理Ⅱ的木荷苗木胸徑和樹高均更高，影響有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）；3種造林撫育處理方式苗木費相同，處理Ⅰ的人工費和肥料費投入相對較高。結合不同造林撫育方式對木荷林生長的影響，選擇處理Ⅱ營造木荷防火林帶較為適宜，即全面劈除雜灌并塊狀鏟草，不殘留針葉樹；挖小穴（50 cm×40 cm×30 cm），每穴施45%氯基復合肥250 g，苗木打漿；第2年全面劈除雜灌，塊狀擴穴，每株施45%氯基復合肥250 g；第3年全面劈除雜灌。

關鍵詞 木荷；造林撫育；成活率；樹高；經濟投入

中圖分類號 S725.5" " 文獻標識碼 A" " 文章編號 1007-7731（2024）15-0074-04

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.15.017

Influence of different afforestation and nurturing methods on the growth of Schima superba forest

QIU Jianneng

（Forestry Bureau of Shanghang County， Fujian Province， Shanghang 364200， China）

Abstract In order to quickly build high-quality Schima superba fire prevention forest belts， this study took Schima superba artificial forest belts as the research object， investigated and statisticed the survival rate， preservation rate， tree height， and breast height diameter of Schima superba forests under different afforestation and nurturing methods， analyzed the impact of different afforestation and nurturing methods on the growth of Schima superba forests， calculated and compares the capital investment of different afforestation and nurturing methods， and provided references for the construction of Schima superba fire prevention forest belts.The results showed that in the year of planting， the survival rate of seedlings under treatment I and treatment II was higher， and the impact was statistically significant （Plt;0.01）. After planting for 3 years， the preservation rate of Schima superba seedlings treated with treatments I and II was higher， and the impact was statistically significant （Plt;0.01）. After 7 years of planting， the diameter at breast height and tree height of Schima superba seedlings under treatments I and II were both higher， with a statistically significant impact （Plt;0.05）. The three afforestation and nurturing methods used the same seedling cost， but the labor and fertilizer costs for treatment I were relatively high. Based on the effects of different afforestation and nurturing methods on the growth of Schima superba forests， treatment II was more suitable for creating a fire prevention forest belt for Schima superba， which involved comprehensively cutting off mixed irrigation and block shoveling grass without leaving coniferous trees， dug small holes （50 cm×40 cm×30 cm）， applied 250 g of 45% chlorine based compound fertilizer to each hole， and mashed the seedlings. In the second year， all miscellaneous irrigation would be completely removed， and block shaped hole expansion would be carried out. In the second year， 250 g of 45% chlorine based compound fertilizer would be applied to each plant. In the third year， mixed irrigation would be completely eliminated.

Keywords Schima superba; afforestation and nurturing; survival rate; tree height; economic investment

森林生物防火林帶建設是一項重要的森林保護措施，其要點是通過種植木荷（Schima superba Gardner amp; Champ.）等耐火且難以點燃的植被，減少森林火災對生態環境和人類社會造成的影響[1]。木荷為茶科屬植物，又名荷樹、荷木，是一種常綠喬木[2]。因其具有樹干通直、樹冠濃密、葉片革質厚、含水量高、含粗油脂量少且耐火能力強等特點，常作為防火林帶建設的優良樹種之一[3]。為了快速建成高質量木荷防火林帶，研究人員從木荷種苗類型選擇、林地平整、種植穴大小確定、基肥和追肥措施選擇等多個方面對木荷的造林撫育進行了研究[4-7]?！?br>