荷花品種“西湖秋韻”和“湘湖秋韻”的培育與擴繁應用

摘要 “西湖秋韻”和“湘湖秋韻”是以荷花品種“西湖紅蓮”為父本，“秋艷”和“秋星”為母本，通過授粉雜交方法選育出的具有一定耐寒性且花期較長的荷花品種。本文總結分析了2個荷花品種的選育過程、品種形態特征、生物學特性及其擴繁應用，為耐寒且花期長荷花品種的繁育與應用提供參考。“西湖秋韻”和“湘湖秋韻”2個品種均為大株型，展花期分別能持續到10月中旬和11月中旬。二次栽植后，“湘湖秋韻”品種展花期可延長至12月10日。“西湖秋韻”和“湘湖秋韻”的群體花期分別達154和133 d，具有花色鮮艷、花瓣大及對環境適應性強等優點，可廣泛應用于濕地公園建設、河道和湖濱水景綠化改造及小區水體美化等場域。

關鍵詞 觀賞荷花；雜交選育；擴繁應用；花期；耐寒性

中圖分類號 S682.320.4；S682.320.3" " 文獻標識碼 A" " 文章編號 1007-7731（2024）15-0051-04

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.15.012

Cultivation and propagation application of lotus varieties “Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun”

YU Youfang1" " CHEN Lihong1" " CAI Ying2" " LIN Ling3" " XU Yunjie3

（1Zhejiang Weida Garden Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Hangzhou 311203， China;2Hangzhou Aiting Environmental Greening Co.， Ltd.， Hangzhou 311254， China;3Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Wencheng County， Wencheng 325300， China）

Abstract “Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun” are lotus varieties that have been bred through pollination and crossbreeding methods， with “Xihu Honglian” serving as the male parent and “Qiu Yan” and “Qiu Xing” as the female parents. These varieties are known for their cold tolerance and extended flowering periods. The breeding process， morphological characteristics， biological habits， and propagation applications of these two lotus varieties were summarized and analyzed in this paper， providing a reference for the breeding and application of cold-tolerant and long-flowering lotus varieties. “Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun” were classified as large plant types， and it was found that their blooming periods extend until the middle of October and November， respectively. After being subjected to a second planting， “Xianghu Qiuyun” can have its blooming period extended to December 10th. Flowering periods of 154 and 133 days were observed for “Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun，” respectively. These varieties are characterized by bright flower colors， large petals， and strong adaptability to the environment， and they are considered suitable for widespread use in the construction of wetland parks， river and lakeside landscape greening projects， and the beautification of community water bodies.

Keywords ornamental lotus; hybrid breeding; propagation and application; flowering period; cold tolerance

荷花（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.），又名蓮花、水芙蓉等，有著悠久的栽培歷史和深厚的文化寓意，深受人們喜愛[1]。荷花屬毛茛目，睡蓮科（Nymphaeaceae），蓮屬（Nelumbo），是多年生水生草本花卉。荷花花色豐富，常見的有白色、粉色、紅色、黃色、藍色和紫色，景觀效應好；其蓮藕和蓮子含有豐富的營養價值，可作為食品或藥品，經濟價值較高。 宋力等[2]研究發現，荷花對環境水體及底泥具有較強的凈化作用，可以削減水中總磷、總氮及有機物的含量，抑制藻類生長，增加水體中溶解氧含量，對底泥中多環芳烴和重金屬也有一定的袪除效果。因而，荷花在濕地公園建設、河道和湖濱水景綠化改造和小區水體美化等項目中的應用增多[3-4]。……