淮北平原冬小麥生產應對自然災害技術探究

摘要 農業產業抵抗自然災害風險的能力十分重要。本研究根據實踐經驗，總結分析了淮北平原地區冬小麥生產中的自然災害類型以及應對技術措施。冬小麥生產不僅受到氣候變化帶來的干旱、雨澇、凍害和干熱風等氣象災害的影響，還遭受著病蟲草害等生物災害的侵擾，農業的豐產豐收受到考驗；生產上應積極應對自然災害，提出選擇優質高抗冬性小麥品種，適時播種，合理施肥，建設農田水利設施和統防統治病蟲草害等一系列應對自然災害的技術措施，為淮北平原地區冬小麥生產提供合理的抵御自然災害的方法建議，對確保冬小麥豐產豐收具有重要意義。

關鍵詞 冬小麥；氣象災害；生物災害；農田水利設施

中圖分類號 S512.1" " 文獻標識碼 A" " 文章編號 1007-7731（2024）15-0018-04

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.15.005

Exploration of natural disaster response techniques for winter wheat production in the"Huaibei Plain

WU Fengxia1" " CHEN Shuoping2

（1Dangshan County Pear Research Institute， Dangshan 235300， China;"2Dangshan County Rural Agriculture Science Research Institute， Dangshan 235300， China）

Abstract The ability of the agricultural industry to resist natural disaster risks is crucial. Based on practical experience， the types of natural disasters and corresponding technical measures in winter wheat production in the Huaibei Plain area were summarized and analyzed. Winter wheat production is not only affected by meteorological disasters such as drought， waterlogging， freezing damage， and dry hot wind caused by climate change， but also by biological disasters such as pests， diseases， and weeds. The high yield and harvest of agriculture were being tested. Production should actively respond to natural disasters， propose a series of technical measures to deal with natural disasters， such as selecting high-quality and high winter resistant wheat varieties， timely sowing， reasonable fertilization， constructing agricultural water conservancy facilities， and controlling pests， diseases， and weeds. These measures provided reasonable methods and suggestions for resisting natural disasters in winter wheat production in the Huaibei Plain area， which is of great significance for ensuring a high yield and harvest of winter wheat.

Keywords winter wheat; meteorological disasters; biological disasters; agricultural water conservancy facilities

農業產業抗風險的能力十分重要，易受不良氣候變化影響，如干旱、雨澇、凍害和風災等，還易受到病蟲草害等生物災害的侵擾。對此提出了一系列惠農舉措，如農業保險、高標準農田建設[1]和農田水利建設[2]等支持保護農業，以實現農業持續豐產豐收[3]。實際農業生產中，應加強小麥、水稻和玉米等主栽作物應對自然災害、保穩促增技術措施的研究與推廣。目前有關應對自然災害的研究方面，耿言安[4]研究表明，小麥生產過程中易受病蟲危害，如紋枯病、銹病、赤霉病、蚜蟲和黏蟲等，可從調整品種結構、培育壯苗和推廣測土配方施肥技術等方面避災抗災。研究和推廣農業應對自……