星站差分定位在區(qū)域重力調(diào)查中的應(yīng)用探究

摘 要：在我國西部沙漠和高山地區(qū)開展區(qū)域重力調(diào)查工作時，由于國家控制點較為稀缺，甚至一些地方缺乏控制點。在這個復(fù)雜環(huán)境下，傳統(tǒng)的測量技術(shù)往往難以解決重力點定位的問題。而引入星站差分定位這一新技術(shù)可成功地克服這一困境。通過詳細介紹星站差分定位的基本原理，并結(jié)合野外項目實例對比試驗數(shù)據(jù)的精度，該文展示該技術(shù)可在平面和高程方向上的測量精度，分別為±0.504 m和±0.156 m。這些結(jié)果不僅滿足1∶250 000區(qū)域重力調(diào)查規(guī)范的精度要求，還驗證星站差分定位在精度和定位準確性方面的卓越性，以及提高野外工作效率的顯著優(yōu)勢。綜合分析近年來的野外實測數(shù)據(jù)，該研究總結(jié)星站差分定位在區(qū)域重力調(diào)查中的優(yōu)點和缺點，并為今后在該領(lǐng)域采用星站差分定位提供有益的參考，有望在未來的區(qū)域地質(zhì)研究中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。

關(guān)鍵詞：星站差分；重力點定位；對比分析；測量精度；野外項目實例

中圖分類號：P228 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-2945（2024）24-0006-04

Abstract： When the regional gravity survey is carried out in the desert and alpine areas of western China， due to the scarcity of national control points， some areas even lack control points. In this complex environment， the traditional measurement technology is often difficult to solve the problem of gravity point location. The introduction of the new technology of satellite-based differential positioning has successfully overcome this dilemma. By introducing the basic principle of satellite station differential positioning in detail， and comparing the accuracy of test data with field projects， this paper shows the measurement accuracy of this technique in plane and elevation direction， which is ±0.504 meters and ±0.156 meters respectively. These results not only meet the accuracy requirements of the 1∶250 000 regional gravity survey specification， but also verify the excellence of satellite station differential positioning in accuracy and positioning accuracy， as well as the significant advantages of improving field work efficiency. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the field measured data in recent years， this study summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of satellite station differential positioning in regional gravity survey， and provides a useful reference for the application of satellite station differential positioning in this field in the future. It is expected to play a key role in regional geological research in the future.

Keywords： satellite-based differential positioning; gravity point location; comparative analysis; measurement accuracy; field project example

在區(qū)域重力調(diào)查中，調(diào)查工作通常在幾千甚至上萬平方千米的工作區(qū)域開展，隨著重力調(diào)查精度的不斷提升，對重力測點的定位精度要求也日益提高。在重力勘探中，采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)實時動態(tài)測量定位技術(shù)（CORS）服務(wù)是一種常見的方法，該服務(wù)覆蓋CORS服務(wù)范圍內(nèi)的區(qū)域，相較于傳統(tǒng)全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）作業(yè)，具有范圍廣、精度高、野外單機作業(yè)的優(yōu)勢[1]。然而，在無CORS服務(wù)的區(qū)域內(nèi)通常用快速靜態(tài)測量，這種方法……