優質中強筋春小麥新品種隴春44號選育報告

摘要：優質、節水、廣適品種是河西走廊灌區及相似生態區春小麥生產可持續發展的關鍵。隴春44號是以99W77-6-1-2/龍96-4839//m248為三交組合，采用系譜法選育出的春小麥新品種，該品種在2020—2021年甘肅省西片水地春小麥區域試驗中折合產量為8 263.8 kg/hm2，比對照品種寧春4號增產10.2%；生產試驗產量達8 753.9 kg/hm2，比對照品種寧春4號增產9.0%。節水指數達1.203～1.276，節水級別為2級。成株期田間表現慢銹性，中抗白粉病。品質達中強筋小麥標準。適宜在甘肅省水地春小麥類型區種植，也可在西北類似生態區種植。

關鍵詞：春小麥；新品種；隴春44號；節水；中強筋；選育

中圖分類號：S512.1 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2097-2172（2024）06-0538-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2024.06.009

Breeding Report on the New Spring Wheat Variety Longchun 44 with

Medium-strong Gluten

YANG Changgang， LIU Na， ZHANG Xueting， WANG Shihong， YANG Wenxiong， YUAN Junxiu， LIU Xiaohua

（Wheat Research Institute， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract： High-quality， water-saving and widely applicable varieties are the key to sustainable development of spring wheat production in Hexi Corridor irrigation area and similar ecological areas. Longchun 44 is a new spring wheat variety successfully selected by genealogical method using 99W77-6-1-2/Long 96-4839//m248 as a three hybrid combination. In the regional experiment of spring wheat in Northwest Gansu Province from 2020 to 2021， the yield reached 8 263.8 kg/ha， an increase of 10.2% compared to the control variety Ningchun 4， and the yield in the production experiment reached 8 753.9 kg/ha， an increase of 9.0% compared to the control variety Ningchun 4. The water-saving index was 1.203 to 1.276， and the water-saving level was 2. It showed slow rust resistance and moderate resistance to powdery mildew in the field at adult stage.The quality reached the standard of medium-strong gluten wheat. It is suitable for planting in spring wheat type area in Gansu Province and similar ecological area on irrigated land in northwest China.

Key words： Spring wheat; New variety; Longchun 44; Water conservation; Medium-stronggluten; Breeding

小麥是一種適應性強、分布廣泛的世界性糧食作物，是全球約35%～40%人口的主食，也是最重要的貿易糧食和國際援助糧食［1 ］。我國是世界上最大的小麥生產國和消費國，小麥生產發展直接關系到國家糧食安全和社會穩定［2 ］。春小麥主要分布在我國北方甘肅、內蒙古、新疆、寧夏、青海、西藏、河北、天津、黑龍江等熱量不足地區，以西北地區面積最大［3 ］。西北地區春小麥生產具有灌溉為主、生育期病蟲害少、單產水平高等特點，春小麥產量和品質直接影響當地農產品有效供給和居民生活質量的提高［4 - 6 ］。隨著產業結構的優化與調整，小麥產業發展面臨著提升總量和品質、降低成本、實現綠色高效三大挑戰。

甘肅乃至西北地區居民飲食多以面條、饅頭等面食為主［7 - 8 ］。一方面，隨著生活水平的提高，居民對面條、饅頭等面制品的需求逐步由數量型向質量型轉變。……