無人機物流配送的發展困境與對策

李悅

摘 要：面對物流需求的暴增及物流情景的多樣化，為了彌補人力的不足，無人機物流應運而生，在快速發展的同時存在一些問題。文章指出，無人機智能運輸、空中直達，具有降本增效、擴大范圍、安全環保等優勢，國內外行業巨頭紛紛開展相關項目，無人機物流已經走過萌芽期、成長期，來到騰飛期，向大型化、城市化、末端化發展。但無人機物流的可持續發展還存在入門門檻過高、人才和技術不足等問題，以及監管制度和體系缺失的行業規范運營問題。對此，需要政府加大補貼力度、完善監管體系、放寬空域使用。

關鍵詞：無人機；物流；監管；可持續發展

中圖分類號：F252.2文獻標志碼：ADOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.08.015

Abstract： In the face of the surge in logistics demand and the diversification of logistics scenarios， UAV logistics came into being， and there are a number of problems in the rapid development at the same time， in order to make up for the lack of manpower. This paper points out that UAV can intelligently transport and directly deliver by air， so it has the advantages of cost reduction and efficiency increase， expanding the scope， safety and environmental protection， etc. Domestic and foreign industry giants have to carry out related projects， UAV logistics has gone through the budding period， the growth period to the take-off period， to the development of large-scale， urbanization， and terminalization. However， there are still many problems in the sustainable development of UAV logistics such as high entry threshold， lack of talent and technology and the problems in standardized operation of the industry including lack of regulatory rules and systems. In this regard， it is necessary for the government to increase subsidies， improve the regulatory system， and relax the use of airspace.

Key words： UAV; logistics; regulation; sustainable development

據中國物流與采購聯合會公布，2022年，全國社會物流總額為347.6萬億元，同比增長3.4%。在復雜的國內外經濟局勢下，物流行業展現較強韌性，物流需求規模再上新臺階。物流需求的快速增加對傳統人工物流提出挑戰。相比于高成本、低效率的人工配送，無人機物流降本增效、直達偏僻險峻之地且實現“0接觸”配送，這些優勢使無人機配送備受關注，各大物流企業也紛紛加大投入，發展前景一片大好。

不過我國無人機物流仍處于起步階段，無人機物流市場化已經出現一些問題，給無人機物流業可持續發展帶來不少挑戰：將無人機這一新興事物運用到與生活息息相關的物流行業，公眾不可避免地對這一新科技的安全性產生質疑與擔心；無人機的技術研發、人才培養、配套系統建立等高投資也給企業開展無人機物流業務設置較高門檻[1]；……