無人機物流配送的發(fā)展困境與對策

李悅

摘 要：面對物流需求的暴增及物流情景的多樣化，為了彌補人力的不足，無人機物流應(yīng)運而生，在快速發(fā)展的同時存在一些問題。文章指出，無人機智能運輸、空中直達，具有降本增效、擴大范圍、安全環(huán)保等優(yōu)勢，國內(nèi)外行業(yè)巨頭紛紛開展相關(guān)項目，無人機物流已經(jīng)走過萌芽期、成長期，來到騰飛期，向大型化、城市化、末端化發(fā)展。但無人機物流的可持續(xù)發(fā)展還存在入門門檻過高、人才和技術(shù)不足等問題，以及監(jiān)管制度和體系缺失的行業(yè)規(guī)范運營問題。對此，需要政府加大補貼力度、完善監(jiān)管體系、放寬空域使用。

關(guān)鍵詞：無人機；物流；監(jiān)管；可持續(xù)發(fā)展

中圖分類號：F252.2文獻標志碼：ADOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.08.015

Abstract： In the face of the surge in logistics demand and the diversification of logistics scenarios， UAV logistics came into being， and there are a number of problems in the rapid development at the same time， in order to make up for the lack of manpower. This paper points out that UAV can intelligently transport and directly deliver by air， so it has the advantages of cost reduction and efficiency increase， expanding the scope， safety and environmental protection， etc. Domestic and foreign industry giants have to carry out related projects， UAV logistics has gone through the budding period， the growth period to the take-off period， to the development of large-scale， urbanization， and terminalization. However， there are still many problems in the sustainable development of UAV logistics such as high entry threshold， lack of talent and technology and the problems in standardized operation of the industry including lack of regulatory rules and systems. In this regard， it is necessary for the government to increase subsidies， improve the regulatory system， and relax the use of airspace.

Key words： UAV; logistics; regulation; sustainable development

據(jù)中國物流與采購聯(lián)合會公布，2022年，全國社會物流總額為347.6萬億元，同比增長3.4%。在復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟局勢下，物流行業(yè)展現(xiàn)較強韌性，物流需求規(guī)模再上新臺階。物流需求的快速增加對傳統(tǒng)人工物流提出挑戰(zhàn)。相比于高成本、低效率的人工配送，無人機物流降本增效、直達偏僻險峻之地且實現(xiàn)“0接觸”配送，這些優(yōu)勢使無人機配送備受關(guān)注，各大物流企業(yè)也紛紛加大投入，發(fā)展前景一片大好。

不過我國無人機物流仍處于起步階段，無人機物流市場化已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)一些問題，給無人機物流業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來不少挑戰(zhàn)：將無人機這一新興事物運用到與生活息息相關(guān)的物流行業(yè)，公眾不可避免地對這一新科技的安全性產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑與擔心；無人機的技術(shù)研發(fā)、人才培養(yǎng)、配套系統(tǒng)建立等高投資也給企業(yè)開展無人機物流業(yè)務(wù)設(shè)置較高門檻[1]；……