主動磁懸浮軸承系統保護軸承熱特性研究及減摩設計

李迎春 聶傲男 楊明宣 朱定康 邱明 楊更生

摘要：

針對主動磁懸浮軸承系統（AMBs）轉子跌落過程中轉子與保護軸承碰摩產生巨大沖擊、振動和大量摩擦熱，易使保護軸承失效的問題，對立式轉子跌落到保護軸承過程中的熱特性進行了研究，分析了轉子跌落對保護軸承造成破壞的主要影響因素，進而提出了一種采用磁控濺射技術在保護軸承關鍵表面沉積固體潤滑薄膜（類石墨碳基薄膜，GLC）的減摩方法，并對鍍膜、未鍍膜的保護軸承進行了轉子跌落試驗。研究結果表明：跌落轉速為20 000 r/min時，保護軸承的最高溫度為210.60 ℃，出現在轉子與軸承內圈端面高速碰摩階段，該溫度超過了軸承鋼160 ℃的回火溫度，導致軸承燒傷而失效。在跌落試驗中，鍍有GLC薄膜的自潤滑保護軸承試驗后的溝道和端面外觀明顯優于未鍍膜保護軸承，由碰摩發熱導致的內圈端面硬度下降也較輕，質心軌跡和軸向位移更加平穩，溫升更低，GLC薄膜起到了關鍵的自潤滑和減摩功能，提高了保護軸承的使用壽命和服役可靠性，為解決主動磁懸浮軸承系統中保護軸承易失效而發生重大事故的問題提供了一種思路和方法。

關鍵詞：主動磁懸浮軸承系統；保護軸承；類石墨碳基薄膜；減摩

中圖分類號：TH133.3

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004132X.2024.04.008

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Research on Thermal Characteristics of Auxiliary Bearing in AMBs andFriction Reduction Design

LI Yingchun1，2? NIE Aonan1? YANG Mingxuan1? ZHU Dingkang1? QIU Ming1，2? YANG Gengsheng1

1.School of Mechatronics Engineering，Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang，Henan，471003

2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province，Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang，Henan，471003

Abstract： The rotor of the AMBs and the auxiliary bearing might produce huge impacts， vibrations and friction heat during the rotor falling which was easy to make the auxiliary bearing fail. The thermal characteristics during the vertical rotor drop on auxiliary bearings were studied， and the main factors leading to the auxiliary bearing failure during the rotor falling were analyzed herein. Subsequently， a method of reducing friction was proposed to deposit solid lubricating film（GLC） on the key surfaces of auxiliary bearings by magnetron sputtering technology， and the rotor drop tests of coated and uncoated auxiliary bearings were performed. The results show that the maximum temperature of the auxiliary bearing is as 210.60 ℃ at a drop speed of 20 000 r/min， which appear in the high-speed rubbing stage between the rotor and the inner ring end face of the bearing. The temperature is higher than the tempering temperature of bearing steel of 160 ℃， which will lead to the failure of the bearing burn. The surface appearance of the channel and end face of the self-lubricating auxiliary bearings coated with GLC film is obviously better than that of the uncoated ordinary auxiliary bearing after the drop tests. The hardness decrease of the inner ring end face caused by friction and heating is lighter， the trajectory of the center of mass and axial displacement are more stable， and the temperature rise is lower. The GLC films play a key role in self-lubrication， wear resistance and friction reduction， the service life and service reliability of the auxiliary bearings are improved. It also provides an idea and method to solve the problems of auxiliary bearing failures easily in AMBs.

Key words： active magnetic bearing system（AMBs）； auxiliary bearing； graphite-like carbon film（GLC）； friction reduction

收稿日期：20230531

基金項目：

國家重點研發計劃（2018YFB2000101）

0? 引言

在主動磁懸浮軸承系統中，保護軸承是不可缺少的重要零部件，轉子正常轉動時，保護軸承內圈與轉子不接觸，當設備啟停或者發生故障導致浮力消失時，保護軸承起到臨時支承的作用，以保護設備的安全，由此可見保護軸承的重要性［1-3］。……