基于主客觀組合加權法的拖拉機座椅舒適度評價

祝賀 戚彬 李衍豪 趙樹行 王莉

摘要：拖拉機座椅是駕駛室人—機交互的主要界面。座椅是否舒適關系到駕駛員生理、心理以及作業效率等關鍵問題，因此對拖拉機座椅舒適性進行評價具有重要意義。為準確可靠地實現拖拉機座椅舒適性定量評價，提出一種基于主客觀組合加權模型的拖拉機座椅舒適性綜合評價方法。首先，通過文獻調研和專家問卷，并結合作業中人體不舒適出現頻率較多的部位，構建駕駛舒適性評價指標體系。其次，使用組合加權法平衡專家的主觀評價和客觀信息，得到綜合權重。最后引用多級模糊綜合評價理論將舒適性評價轉換為定量評價，并進行實例分析驗證組合加權法的有效性。結果表明：人體各部位對座椅舒適性影響程度不同，依次為臀部（0.355）、上背部（0.263）、下背部（0.199）和腿部（0.183）。驗證試驗表明使用組合賦權是有效的，該方法充分結合層次分析法與熵權法的優點，在保留專家主觀意見的同時，很好地規避權重失衡的現象，對座椅舒適性評價以及優化設計具有重要的指導意義。

關鍵詞：拖拉機座椅；舒適性評價；人機工程；主客觀組合加權法

中圖分類號：S219.1? 文獻標識碼：A? 文章編號：2095-5553 （2024） 0-30140-08

Evaluation of tractor seat comfort based on subjective and objective combination weighting method

Zhu He， Qi Bin， Li Yanhao， Zhao Shuhang， Wang Li

（School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science， Shandong University of Technology， Zibo， 255000， China）

Abstract：

The tractor seat is the primary interface for human-machine interaction in the cab. Whether the seat is comfortable is related to the critical issues of the drivers physiology， psychology and work efficiency， so it is of great significance to evaluate the?comfort of the tractor seat. In order to accurately and reliably realize the quantitative evaluation of tractor seat comfort， this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of tractor seat comfort based on the subjective and objective combined weighting model. Firstly， a driving comfort evaluation index system is constructed through literature research and expert questionnaires， combined with the parts of the human body where discomfort occurs more frequently. Secondly， the combined weighting method?is used to balance the subjective evaluation of experts and objective information to obtain comprehensive weights. Finally， the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory is used to convert the comfort evaluation into quantitative evaluation. An example analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the combined weighting method. The results show that the different parts of the human body have different effects on seat comfort， followed by the hips （0.355）， the upper back （0.263）， the lower back （0.199） and the legs （0.183）. Validation experiments show that the combined weighting used in this paper is effective， and the technology fully combines the advantages of AHP and entropy weighting. While retaining the subjective opinions of experts， the phenomenon of weight imbalance is well avoided， which has important guiding significance for the evaluation and optimum design of seat comfort.