Abstracts of Main Essays

AnalysisontheEssenceofHumanities:SpiritandFreedom

JIANG Chang, LI Lei

Aristotle’s proposition that “humans are rational animals” has its limitations in understanding humans as animals, while since modern times, western philosophers have regarded reason as the only essence of human beings, and the problem is even greater. From the perspective of cosmic and biological evolution, human nature lies in human nature, and its basic meaning is to seek better survival, including the satisfaction of survival needs, development needs, and spiritual needs. When spiritual needs are developed and satisfied, people possess spirituality, which leads to transcendence and freedom in turn. This spirituality is the true nature of humanity, as well as the essence of what is or should be of human beings. It makes humans a spiritual and free species higher than animals. Spirit is the product or manifestation of advanced self-awareness, with dominant ideas, highest ideals, and basic beliefs as the core elements. Spirit is the foundation of human transcendence and freedom, freedom is the purpose and result of spiritual pursuit and spirit needs to be displayed or manifested through freedom. The level of spiritual attainment determines a person’s degree of freedom. In order to obtain more and greater freedom, one must constantly improve one’s spiritual level. The reason why spirit can make people free is because only spirit can make people have transcendence, and transcendence is the embodiment of freedom.

FromFormtoFormalism:ASketchofFormalAutonomy

FENG Li-ming

The artistic principle of formalism is an essential connotation of the concept of artistic autonomy, which together with aesthetic ethics, constitutes the theory of artistic autonomy. Theories concerning artistic forms have undergone three historical stages since ancient Greek sophists’ reflections on the issue of forms. The first stage is the form-content dualist approach of the classical period, the second stage is the ontological nature of forms, which prevailed from the 19th to the early 20th century, and the third one is the freedom of forms of the Avant-garde Art era. Art forms evolve from a container to an ontological being, and then ascend to a state of being free play. Such a process is also a historical one for the art heading to autonomy. The free play of forms provides a limited spiritual space for the artistic mechanism to transcend worldly life, while aesthetic ethics design an utmost value orientation for free play of the forms. There appeared a “formless art” with the Avant-garde Art after World War II, which was a reflexive result of radical transformation of freedom of art forms.

OntheConstructionofImageoftheCommunistPartyofChinabytheLiberationDailyduringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseaggression

XU Fang-ping,ZHANG Hao

As the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression got stuck in a stalemate, the publishing capacity and frequency of the “New China Newspaper”, issuing one copy every three days in a quarto layout, were difficult to meet the needs of the Communist Party of China(CPC) for resistant propaganda. The Kuomintang authorities launched two anti-Communist upsurges in succession, discredited the image of CPC, and stimulated the rise of “l(fā)eft” ideas within the Party. The Communist Party urgently needed a powerful party newspaper to counter hostile propaganda, unify internal thoughts, and consolidate strength for the war effort. At a time of internal and external troubles, “Liberation Daily”, as the organ of the Central Committee of CPC, has the obligation to assume the responsibility of the Party newspaper, through the publication of important instructions of the Central Committee of CPC, to issue a declaration of commemoration of the War of Resistance, improve battlefield communications, praise anti-Japanese heroes and commend resistant achievements. By publishing special articles, exposing the Kuomintang’s wrong actions of compromise, surrender and passive resistance, and revealing the confidence and confidence of CPC in upholding the victory of the War of Resistance, CPC successfully created a resolute, heroic and confident image of the War of Resistance, accurately popularized the resistant national united front policy, and won the response and support of the people. It aroused the confidence and pride of the Chinese nation in the victory of the War of Resistance, thus greatly enhancing the combat effectiveness of the Party newspaper, and paved a solid foundation for CPC to constantly sum up experience and lessons and win the final victory.

FromRuralAreastoUrbanCommunities:AHistoricalMaterialistApproachtoSocialLifefromthePerspectiveofMaterialProductionModes

——NewInterpretationofHenriLefebvre’s“TheUrbanRevolution”

ZHANG Yi-bing

Unlike the rural fields and houses based on the physical space of nature, Lefebvre found that, in the shift from the study of rural sociology to urban sociology, the spatial relations of urban buildings, streets and commercial activities were embedded in the urbanization practices of the bourgeoisie that changed the whole world by the logic of exchange. That was the direct basis of the daily life of the modern world that concerned him. It was in this shift that Lefebvre began to adhere to the principle of the mode of production from the perspective of historical materialism, but he particularly wanted to shift people’s attention from the diachronic development process of the mode of production to the synchronic spatial relation field. These non-intuitive social relations (economic relations and political and legal relations) are precisely the space of perceptual social life relations generated in the urban space of different periods, and today, it is the capitalist urban social space.

MeditationofSelf-perfectioninTong’an:ZhuXi’sInnovativeInterpretationofthe“SweepingandResponding”ChapteroftheAnalects

LE Ai-guo

Regarding the Chapter of Zixia’s Disciple “Sweeping and Responding” in the Analects of Confucius, Confucius in the Han Dynasty believed that Zixia’s words “those who have a beginning and a death are only saints” meant to emphasize the “difference between the great and the small way” and “l(fā)earning should be secondary”, so there seems to be a tendency to underestimate “Sweeping and Responding”. Unlike this, the interpretation of Two Chengs in the Northern Song Dynasty emphasizes both “gentlemen teaching people in an orderly manner” and “no matter how great or small the Li”, thus emphasizing the importance of “Sweeping and Responding”. On the interpretation of Two Chengs, Zhu Xi deeply pondered during his tenure as an official in Tong’an, and became enlightened from confusion. Importantly, this self-perfection was a crucial node for Zhu Xi’s transition from Buddhism to Confucianism, and it was the starting point of Zhu Xi’s “Li-yi and Fen-shu” ideological system. It included the initial sprout of Zhu Xi’s “seeking knowledge from things” thought and provided a theoretical basis for his idea of the transition from “Xiao-xue” to “Da-xue”. Especially, derived from the self-perfection in Tong’an, Zhu Xi’s Annotations to the Analects using the concept of “Li-yi and Fen-shu”, interpreted Zixia’s Disciple “Sweeping and Responding” and further elaborated and exerted the interpretation of Two Chengs, surpassing the interpretation of Han Confucianism.

AnalysisonPoeticNarrativeCharacteristicsofFengZhi’s“WuZixu”

LIU Chuan-e,YAN Hui-xian

Feng Zhi has both poetic talent, historical talent and literary talent, which makes “Wu Zixu” not only something of a novel, but also a poem and a philosophy. “Wu Zixu” is a masterpiece of Feng Zhi’s novel creation, and poetic narrative is its typical artistic feature. The narrative elements and interrelationships such as the character discourse and the perspective setting, spatial setting and artistic conception creation not only reflect the obvious characteristics of the poetic narrative of “Wu Zixu”, but also analyze the generation mechanism of its poetic narrative artistic effect. “Wu Zixu” is unique among the narrative works created by Feng Zhi himself, which is distinct from his early narrative poems and “The Biography of Du Fu” written at the same time, which is not only manifested in the formal system, creative purpose, but also in the discourse form and life experience. In the poetic narrative trend in the history of modern Chinese novels, “Wu Zixu” also maintains a unique artistic personality and philosophical thinking in terms of lyrical tone, historical writing, and humanistic connotation.

ResearchonLegalandRegulatoryGovernanceTransformationofBasinEcologicalEnvironmentRestorationunderthe“DualCarbon”Goals

GAO Li-hong,SU Da

To achieve the goal of carbon peak and neutrality, China has formed a top-down national policy system and institutional arrangements and initiated the transformation of the legal regulation in response to climate change. Watershed is an integrated system of social economy and ecology, which plays an important role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The ecological restoration of watersheds has formed two approaches:administrative restoration based on the obligation of environmental protection and judicial restoration with individual responsibility. However, under the influence of reductionist regulatory logic, the current legal regulatory system of watershed ecological restoration is not only in conflict with the holistic characteristics of the watershed, but also administrative restoration and judicial restoration are separated from each other. Judicial restoration has a tendency to become the dominant one, ignoring the core restoration responsibilities of the administrative authorities. To meet the dual requirements of process and result of the carbon peak and neutrality targets, and to clarify the functional position of administrative and judicial powers, the ecological restoration of watersheds needs to be transformed in terms of legislative purposes, planning objectives, restoration standards and regulatory logic, to activate the function of regulating climate change in the watersheds and to realize the green and low-carbon development. In the future, we should realize the connection between watershed ecological restoration and carbon sequestration and sink enhancement through the allocation of the status of the executive-led and judicial complement, carry out climate change adaptation, as well as coordinate the relationship between ecological restoration and the right to development, and respond positively to the loss and damage of climate change, to build a Chinese program for watershed protection in the context of climate change.

TheThirdTypeofLabor:Human-MachineRelationsinIntelligentBrandCommunication

YAO Xi, YAO Jun

In the era of intelligence, labor tools have been humanized and human-centered labor relations have begun to breakdown. Taking the division of labor in economics as the theoretical perspective, this paper presents the current situation of labor division and collaboration between human and intelligent machines in business execution from four aspects:consumer insight, content production, content matching, and effect evaluation, which we call the third type of labor. Three major human-machine relationships are being bred in the third kind of labor, that is, substitution, augmentation and reinvention. This paper assumes that in order to fully release the productivity of the third kind of labor and enhance the value of brand communication, we should follow the trend of human-machine symbiosis, establish a harmonious division-cooperation mechanism, and be alert to the phenomenon of “reverse division of labor”.