Inspiring Communities from Around the World全球魅力族群

李小雪/譯

Come with us as we discover some of the most fascinating communities from around the world and learn about their origins， their traditions and how they’ve developed over time. From ancient civilizations that have stood the test of time to newly formed communities that break stereotypes， get an insight into how these people came together.

跟隨我們一起探索世界各地最具魅力的族群，了解它們的起源、傳統和發展歷程。從經受住時間考驗的古老文明到打破刻板印象的新型社區，讓我們深入了解這些地方的人如何聚集在一起。

1. The Haenyeo Community in South Korea

1. 韓國的海女

The haenyeo community is a group of female divers in the Korean province of Jeju. The word “haenyeo” refers to the women who gather seaweed， abalone and other shellfish from the sea. Jeju’s diving tradition started way back in 434 AD， but it wasn’t until the 18th century that the amount of female divers outweighed the male. Supposedly this shift occurred because of a significant number of men dying at sea due to war and deep-sea fishing accidents.

海女是韓國濟州的一群女性潛水員。“海女”一詞指的是從海洋中采集海藻、鮑魚和其他貝類的女性。濟州島的潛水傳統可以追溯到公元434年，但是，直到18世紀女性潛水員的人數才超過男性潛水員。據說，之所以出現這種轉變是因為許多男性死于戰爭和深海捕魚事故。

2. The Miao embroiderers in China

2. 中國的苗族繡娘

Embroidery is a traditional folk art of the Miao people who live in the mountains of Southern China. Histor-ically， Miao embroidery has been considered one of China’s 5 great traditions of embroidery. It is a craft handed down from generation to generation among Miao women， who produce works of art inspired by traditional Miao songs and legends.

刺繡是生活在中國南方山區的苗族的一項傳統民間藝術。歷史上，苗繡被認為是中國五大刺繡傳統之一。這是苗族婦女代代相傳的工藝，她們從傳統的苗族歌曲和傳說中汲取靈感，創作出藝術繡品。

In Miao villages， girls begin learning embroidery from their mothers and aunts at a young age. Starting from the age of 15， girls begin to hand embroider their own dowry， an ornate embroidered garment. While they work they are not only refining their skills as embroiderers， they are also coming to know their own culture.

在苗族村莊，女孩從小就開始向母親和姨娘嬸嬸學習刺繡。從15歲開始，女孩們就開始手工繡制自己的嫁衣——一件華麗的刺繡服裝。她們在繡制時，不僅是在磨練刺繡技能，也是在了解自己的文化。

3. The Khasi Community in Meghalaya

3. 印度梅加拉亞邦的卡西族

The Khasi people are an indigenous ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a population of 3.35 million. A unique feature of this community is that they follow the matrilineal system of descent and inheritance， meaning the youngest daughter inherits， children take their mother’s surname and when no daughters are born to a couple， they adopt a daughter and pass their rights to property to her.

卡西族人是印度東北部梅加拉亞邦的土著族群，有335萬人口。這個族群的獨特之處在于他們遵循母系血統和繼承制度，這就意味著最小的女兒會繼承家產，而且孩子們隨母姓。如果一對夫妻沒有生出女兒，他們就會收養一個女兒并將財產權傳給她。

4. The Ndebele people of South Africa

4. 南非的恩德貝萊人

The Ndebele people are of the Bantu Tribe in South Africa and are known for their beadwork. Prior to the Second World War most Ndebele work had a white seed bead base with simple designs in blue， black and red. After the war， bolder designs to match their houses started to appear.

恩德貝萊人屬于南非班圖族，以其珠繡而聞名。在第二次世界大戰前，大多數的恩德貝萊珠繡作品都是以白色種子珠為基底，配以簡單的藍、黑和紅色珠子圖案設計。二戰結束后，出現了與他們的房屋相匹配的更大膽的設計。

5. The Dinka people from the banks of the Nile

5. 來自尼羅河沿岸的丁卡人

The Dinka people are a community that live in the east and west banks of the River Nile in South Sudan. They are a domesticated community， mainly living on traditional agriculture and pastoralism. Cattle husbandry is source of cultural pride， but not for the commercial profit or for meat， but rather for cultural demonstrations， rituals， dowries and milk feeding for all ages it provides them.

丁卡人是生活在南蘇丹尼羅河東西兩岸的一個部族。他們過著田園生活，主要以傳統農業和畜牧業為生。養牛是丁卡人文化自豪感的來源，但并非為了賣錢或吃肉，而是因為牛可以用于文化展示和儀式、充當嫁妝，還能為各個年齡段的人群提供牛奶作為食物。

6. Brazil’s indigenous people， the Juma

6. 巴西土著人——朱瑪人

The Juma are an indigenous people of Brazil and the Juma indigenous land had 38，351 hectares， some of which was separated and sold off in 2004. The tribe is located on the banks of the Assu? River， more than 1，100 kilometers from Manaus， the capital of Amazonas. In the 18th century the Juma group had about 15，000 indigenous people—today there are only four left.

朱瑪人是巴西的土著人，朱瑪土著保護區的面積有38，351公頃，其中一部分在2004年被分割和出售。該部落位于阿蘇昂河畔，距離亞馬孫州首府馬瑙斯市超過1100公里。在18世紀，朱瑪族群擁有約1.5萬名土著居民，而如今卻只剩下4人。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎者）