國(guó)王十字火車站

英國(guó)倫敦

業(yè)主單位：鐵路網(wǎng)公司

設(shè)計(jì)單位： 約翰·麥卡蘭建筑事務(wù)所

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：塔塔集團(tuán)

承包商：Carillion， Costain， Kier Laing O’Rourke，

Vinci Construction

面積：17 500平方米

竣工年份：2012年

項(xiàng)目攝影：Hufton+Crow ， Phil Adams， John Sturrock

Client： Network Rail

Architects： John McAslan + Partners

Structural Engineer： Tata Group

Contractors： Carillion， Costain， Kier Laing O’Rourke， Vinci Construction

Size： 17 500m2

Year： 2012

Photographs： Hufton+Crow ， Phil Adams， John Sturrock

由約翰·麥卡蘭建筑事務(wù)所（JMP）改造的國(guó)王十字火車站是倫敦非常引人注目的建筑。它是那種典型的西式廣場(chǎng)——作為歐洲最大的單跨式車站以及發(fā)展中的核心部分，整個(gè)項(xiàng)目還是十分復(fù)雜的。這更是一次非凡的國(guó)際合作，對(duì)交通交匯處的改造有著巨大的意義，引領(lǐng)整個(gè)時(shí)代的潮流。

國(guó)王十字車站的改造蘊(yùn)含著三種不同的建筑風(fēng)格：重復(fù)利用、復(fù)原和新建。列車上方的棚架以及周圍的建筑都被重新利用了起來，而重點(diǎn)突出的西方廣場(chǎng)則被設(shè)計(jì)為整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的中心部分。我們將車站的朝向改為了面朝西，創(chuàng)造了工程技術(shù)上的重大突破，并能通過這里看到始建于1852年的原車站的南立面。

盡管對(duì)于整個(gè)車站來說，西方廣場(chǎng)的改造可能給人們帶來最大的視覺沖擊，但是事務(wù)所的工作也包含了一系列分層干預(yù)以及修復(fù)工作，包括對(duì)西側(cè)建筑以及主、副列車棚架的修復(fù)。

約翰·麥卡蘭建筑事務(wù)所在整個(gè)國(guó)王十字街區(qū)的改造過程中起著重要作用，包括考慮到車站周圍基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)性、社會(huì)性以及商業(yè)性的變化，以及其與車站北面的圣潘克拉斯火車站，倫敦地下廣場(chǎng)以及周圍城市背景之間的聯(lián)系。JMP事務(wù)所方案的構(gòu)造性目標(biāo)就是創(chuàng)建出一個(gè)新的地標(biāo)，它可以成為整個(gè)正在改造中的新倫敦的催化劑，同時(shí)又能夠每年容納5 000萬的客流量。

這個(gè)極具創(chuàng)造力的車站改造項(xiàng)目給丘比特原有的車站以及21世紀(jì)建筑之間帶來一次非凡的對(duì)話——這是英國(guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)的一次極具意義的探討。國(guó)王十字街區(qū)新舊建筑之間的關(guān)系創(chuàng)造出現(xiàn)代交通樞紐，并再次振興了這個(gè)對(duì)于英國(guó)鐵路具有紀(jì)念碑意義的車站。

The transformation of King's Cross station by John McAslan + Partners （JMP） represents a compelling piece of place-making for London. The show-piece is clearly the Western Concourse - Europe’s largest single span station structure and the heart of the development， but the overall project is far more complex： an extraordinary， collaborative effort that has delivered an internationally significant transport interchange， fit for the 21st century and beyond.

The transformation of King’s Cross Station for Network Rail involves three very different styles of architecture： re-use， restoration and new build. The train shed and range buildings have been adapted and re-used， the station’s previously obscured Grade I listed fa?ade is being precisely restored， and a new， highly expressive Western Concourse has been designed as a centrepiece and the 'beating heart' of the project. Our design re-orientates the station to the west， creating significant operational improvements and will reveal the main south fa?ade of Lewis Cubitt’s original 1852 station.

Although the Western Concourse is probably the most visually striking change to the station， JMP’s work on the project also involves a series of layered interventions and restorations including the restoration of the Eastern Range building and the revitalisation of the Main Train Shed， Suburban Train Shed and Western Range buildings.

Our practice have played a key role in the wider transformation of the King's Cross area - infrastructural， social and commercial changes that now connect the station with the massive King’s Cross Central scheme north of the station as well as to St Pancras， the London Underground， and the surrounding urban context. The architectural ambition of JMP’s scheme has been to create a new iconic landmark that will function as a key catalyst for the ongoing regeneration of this new London quarter as well as providing striking new facilities that will accommodate the 50 million passengers now passing through the station each year.

The ambitious transformation of the station creates a remarkable dialogue between Cubitt’s original station and 21st-century architecture - a quantum shift in strategic infrastructure design in the UK. This relationship between old and new creates a modern transport super-hub at King's Cross， whilst revitalising and unveiling one of the great railway monuments of Britain.