[摘要] 非裔美國女作家杰米辛在《破碎的地球》三部曲中先后塑造了兩個科技帝國形象,呈現(xiàn)了一個科技惡托邦的景象。本文借助福柯和阿甘本的生命政治理論解讀小說中的科技異化主題,指出小說揭示了未來社會受科技異化影響的后人類等邊緣人所面臨的“單向度”和“赤裸生命”的生存困境,由此批判了極權社會通過生物技術和偽科學話語控制個體的新形式。同時,小說對后人類女性借助技術賦能進行自我救贖的理想化表征,寄托了對女性作為主體參與構建美麗新世界的美好愿景。通過勾勒后人類的生存境況,作家表達了對于科技發(fā)展兩面性的反思,這對于反思日益科技化的當代社會具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。
[關鍵詞] N. K. 杰米辛;《破碎的地球》三部曲;生命政治;科技異化;后人類
[中圖分類號] I106" [文獻標識碼] A" [文獻編號] 1002-2643(2024)06-0073-09
On the Scientific and Technological Alienation in The Broken EarthTrilogy from the Perspective of Biopolitics
GU Hongli QIN Lushan
(School of Foreign Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510613, China)
Abstract: In The Broken Earth trilogy, African American female writer N.K. Jemisin has successively crafted two images of technoscientific empires, portraying a technoscientific dystopian future. Drawing on Foucault’s and Agamben’s theory of biopolitics, this paper interprets the theme of scientific and technological alienation, and finds that the novel reveals the survival predicament of “onedimension” or “bare life” faced by marginalized people such as the posthuman who are affected by scientific and technological alienation in the future society, and thus criticizes the new forms of controlling individuals in totalitarian society through biotechnology and the discourse of pseudoscience. Additionally, the idealized representation of the posthuman female to redeem themselves with the help of technology in the novel embodies Jemisin’s good wish of women as active participants and the subjects in the construction of a brave new world. The author reflects deeply on the dual nature of technological progress by outlining the living situation of the posthuman, offering valuable insights for our increasingly technologically driven society.
Key words: N. K. Jemisin; The Broken Earth trilogy; biopolitics; scientific and technological alienation; posthuman
1.引言
非裔美國女作家N. K. 杰米辛(N.K. Jemisin, 1972—)被譽為當代“最杰出的科幻小說家和奇幻小說家”(Miller, 2018)。她憑借《破碎的地球》三部曲(The Broken Earth trilogy),即《第五季》(The Fifth Season, 2015)、《方尖碑之門》(The Obelisk Gate, 2016)和《巨石蒼穹》(The Stone Sky, 2017)三次蟬聯(lián)雨果獎(2016-2018)。三部曲想象了一幅人類與后人類共存的圖景,描寫了一個早期帝國錫爾-阿納吉斯特和世界末日即將到來時的桑澤帝國。兩個帝國利用先進的技術盜取邊緣族群尼斯人的基因,創(chuàng)造了服務于人類并被人類管理和控制的后人類原基人。然而原基人不滿并極力反抗帝國的奴役,以伊松和奈松為代表的女性原基人推翻了舊秩序,建立了新秩序。三部小說以帝國和后帝國時期為敘事背景,以人類和后人類之間的矛盾沖突為主要故事線,以后人類的勝利為結局,呈現(xiàn)了一種未來科技惡托邦的景象。……