







摘要:隨著城市化進程的加快以及城市美術館的飽和,鄉村美術館在近年來成為大眾緩解城市焦慮、探尋個性化參觀之旅的一個新選擇。盡管鄉村美術館并不是本世紀的新產物,但它確實隨著現代藝術的興起、交通科技的推動等原因正處于發展高峰期。并且,受到鄉村地緣文化的屬性影響,鄉村美術館在迅速發展的過程中又呈現出復雜且多樣的方向,它們或拓寬了現代藝術的可能性,或振興了當地的旅游業和服務業,或自發成為地區記憶的保存與傳承者等。可以說,鄉村美術館為學界研究美術館與社區、地區的關系展開了一個新的視角,也為思考美術館如何與不同的受眾群體建立聯系提供了可供參考的大量樣本。本文旨在使用新博物館學的研究方法,對國際范圍內的數個鄉村美術館進行考察和分類,在嘗試歸納出鄉村美術館的四個發展類型的基礎上,從藝術、地區、人的角度對這四個類型的利弊影響進行剖析。
關鍵詞:鄉村,美術館,地區,居民,旅游
Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization and the saturation of urban art museums, rural art museums have become a new option for the public to relieve urban anxiety and explore personalized tours in recent years. Although the rural art museum is not a new product of this century, it is indeed in its booming with the rise of modern art and the promotion of transportation technology. In addition, influenced by the geo-cultural attributes of the countryside, rural art museums have shown complex and diverse directions in the process of rapid development, either broadening the possibilities of modern art, revitalizing the local tourism and service industries, or becoming spontaneous preservers and transmitters of regional memory, etc. It can be said that, the rural art museum has opened up a new perspective for academics to study the relationship between art museums, communities and regions, and also provides a large number of samples to consider how art museums can connect with different audience groups. Applying a neo-museological research approach, this article aims to examine and classify several rural art museums in an international context, and based on an attempt to summarize the four developmental modes of rural art museums, analyze the pros and cons of the implications of these four modes from the perspectives of art, region, and people.
Keywords: rural, art museum, region, inhabitant, tourism
18世紀,叔本華曾為本質的顯露提供了一條“從世事中脫離一些片刻”[1]的道路。一個有趣的聯想是,這似乎也可以套用在今天從城市來到村落的人們身上,他們從固定的生活圈子和常見的城市美術館中暫時地抽離片刻,在城市邊緣、山海環繞之地, 擁抱自然、探尋本真。由土地、記憶、民俗、景觀、物品、建筑構成的“鄉村美術館”,成為了一個人們嘗試觸摸本質的新空間。這一方面是城市化發展的必然產物,注重繁華、協調的城市,一定程度上犧牲了分散的、差異的個體生活經驗,[2]正如當布瓦爾和佩庫歇[3]準備做屬于自己的事情時,他們首先回到了鄉下;……