杰出人物，非凡人生

本刊試題研究中心

第一部分 閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）

第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

In 1665,Johannes Vermeer,one of the greatest painters in Netherlands,completed his masterpieceGirl with a Pearl Earring.On an April day 357 years later,Janine Strong slowed her bike to stop,paused her fitness app,and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer's masterpiece over the streets of Brooklyn.

Ms Strong creates what has come to be known as“GPS art”—a practice that uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps to create digital drawings with an athlete's route.It has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people.In fact,the idea has been around before the popularity of smartphones for fitness like Strava released in 2009.

In 2003,The New York Timesmagazine told how Jeremy Wood got the idea for GPS art.Mr Wood said while he was using a GPS tracker on a flight and the plane flew in a holding pattern above Heathrow Airport,he was attracted by the pattern appearing on his Garmin GPS device.In recent years,technology has advanced enough to create visual maps in real time using a phone or a smart watch.

“I get bored cycling on the same path in the same street,”Ms Strong said.“Creating GPS art gives me more reasons to hit the pavement,which makes cycling a lot easier.I always have a big smile on my face when it works out and I upload it and it's done,”she added.“It's a very satisfying feeling.”

To complete her digital vision ofGirl with a Pearl Earring,she biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn,carefully checking Strava to make sure each turn,circle,and straight line was achieving the shape of earring and head covering of Vermeer's original.

1.What can we infer about Janine Strong from paragraph 1?

A.She tests a fitness app. B.She is an innovative cyclist.

C.She likes pearl earrings. D.She is a painter of some note.

2.What information can we get about GPS art?

A.It is rarely used by common people.

B.It arose after the popularity of fitness apps.

C.It is based on apps'GPS mapping functions.

D.It is a practice of creating realistic drawings.

3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A.The origin of GPS art. B.The prospect of GPS art.

C.The function of a GPS tracker. D.The advancement of a GPS device.

B

For thousands of years,Chinese writers have travelled all over the country to take down notes about the geographical conditions of each city.Among them,well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan,in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386—534),composed his book,Commentary on the Water Classics,after studying the original literary version,Water Classics.He later expanded the river records to 1,252 from the original 137.

The book is now being studied again by Professor Li Xiaojie and his team from Fudan University.They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.So far,they have completed research on four rivers.

“Ancient people knew really well how to apply the power of nature to technical considerations,”Li said,giving the example of Qianjin'e,one of the most famous ancient water conservation projects in Luoyang,Henan.In order to lead the river into the city for irrigation (灌溉) in ancient Luoyang,the officials built a canal branch by separating a northwest-southeast river.However,the canal water wasn't enough to support the citizens in dry seasons.To solve that,on the northern side of the canal branch,the officials built a reservoir (水庫) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch,where the waterways would converge and flow together to the city.

InCommentary on the Water Classics,a total of 2,800 cities are recorded with details.Still,the process of recreation takes much effort.After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork,the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions(推論).

For Professor Li,the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1,000 years ago,but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today's reference.

4.What can we learn about the bookCommentary on the Water Classics?

A.It has been out of date. B.It explains 3D modelling.

C.It keeps records of 137 rivers. D.It is based on previous studies.

5.What does the underlined word“converge”in paragraph 3 mean?

A.Join. B.Pass. C.Cross. D.Begin.

6.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about model recreation?

A.Its major problems. B.Its detailed analysis.

C.Its complex process. D.Its successful application.

7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.3D technology fuels modern research

B.Ancient classics inspire modern research

C.An effective approach to model recreation

D.A famous writer of ancient Chinese classics

C

A scientist in England believes that mushrooms communicate with each other using up to 50“words”.Previous research has suggested that fungi (真菌) conduct electrical impulses (脈沖) through long,underground structures called hyphae.“It has even shown that the firing rate of these impulses increases when the hyphae of wood-digesting fungi come into contact with wooden blocks,raising the possibility that fungi use this electrical‘language’to share information about food or injury with distant parts of themselves,or with hyphae-connected partners such as trees,”The Guardianreports.

To investigate this further,Andrew Adamatzky,a professor at the University of the West of England,decided to analyze the patterns of electrical spikes (猛增) generated by four species of fungi—enoki,split gill,ghost and caterpillar fungi.The results,published in the peer-reviewed journalRoyal Society Open Science,were surprising,to say the least.He found that the electrical spikes often gather into trains of activity,similar to vocabularies of up to 50 words.And the distribution of these“fungal word lengths”closely matches those of human languages.“Assuming that spikes of electrical activity are used by fungi to communicate,we demonstrate that distributions of fungal word lengths matches that of human languages,”he said.“We found that the size of fungal vocabulary can be up to 50 words,however,the core vocabulary of most frequently used words does not exceed 15 to 20 words.”

However,Adamatzky also acknowledges that the species could be saying nothing at all.“There is also another option—they are saying nothing,”he said.“Propagating mycelium's (繁殖菌絲體) tips are electrically charged,and,therefore,when the charged tips pass in a pair of differential electrodes,a spike in the potential difference is recorded.”But whatever these“spiking events”represent,they do not appear to be random.“That said,we should not expect quick results:We are yet to interpret languages of cats and dogs despite living with them for centuries,and research into electrical communication of fungi is in its pure fresh stage,”Adamatzky said.

8.What's the discovery indicating mushrooms communicate with each other?

A.Fungi send electrical impulses.

B.Hyphae exist in the mushrooms.

C.Mushrooms tell food from injury.

D.Wooden blocks affect mushrooms.

9.What can be inferred about Andrew Adamatzky's experiment from paragraph 2?

A.It quite differs from the previous discovery.

B.Electrical spikes can hardly come together.

C.It further confirms the previous discovery.

D.Only four species of fungi send out signals.

10.What did the scientist find about fungi's communication?

A.The most frequently-used words are more than 50.

B.Most of fungi's words are less frequently used.

C.Distributions of fungal words differs in different species.

D.The core vocabulary in fungal words is almost meaningless.

11.Which is Adamatzky's idea about mushrooms'communication in the last paragraph?

A.The discovery can benefit us.

B.The discovery is of little use.

C.Researchers can't rely on their experiment.

D.Researchers need much more support for it.

D

A Missouri woman is following her father's footsteps—training to be a heart surgeon—and recently,she and her father got the chance to perform surgery together.

Dr Sophia Roberts,31,is a general surgery resident physician at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St.Louis,Missouri.Her dad,Dr Harold Roberts Jr.,67,has been practicing medicine for the last 33 years.In May,Roberts and his daughter teamed up for an aortic valve(主動脈瓣)replacement.

“I told Sophia that I had this case coming and she went out and read about it.And she'd never seen it,much less assisted with it,”Harold Roberts recalled.

Even though the case was new to her,Sophia Roberts jumped at the chance.She had wanted to spend a month learning and operating with her surgeon father back in 2020,but their plans fell through for all kinds of reasons.So this was the shot she'd been waiting for.

When the day came,Harold Roberts was pleased to have his eldest child by his side and said it was a“really nice thing”to work together with her.The elder Roberts said his daughter helped open the patient's chest and she did a great job.“It was really very smooth.I wouldn't have done the case any better if I had another heart surgeon assisting me,”he said.

Sophia Roberts,who served as her dad's first assistant,said it was a memorable experience and once the surgery got underway,she was in the zone.

“It's very special that I was operating with him,but quite frankly,I could have been operating with anyone—like all of a sudden,you're just focused on that patient and making the operation go smoothly,”she said.

Harold and Sophia Roberts reported their patient has done great since the surgery and was even excited that the father-daughter team would be taking care of her.

12.What can we know from paragraph 2?

A.Sophia is a freshman at a medical school.

B.Harold Roberts is an experienced physician.

C.Sophia is the physician for her father's operation.

D.Harold Roberts is teaching Sophia to be a doctor.

13.What was Sophia's attitude towards the coming teamwork with her father?

A.Full of expectation. B.Slightly concerned.

C.A bit disappointed. D.Much too anxious.

14.What did Sophia concentrate on during the operation?

A.Why his father performed differently from other physicians.

B.How she could put her theory into practice in the operation.

C.How they could perform the operation most successfully.

D.What caused the patient to suffer from such a heart illness.

15.Which can best describe Harold Roberts'feeling about Sophia's performance?

A.Proud. B.Annoyed. C.Ashamed. D.Envious.

第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

How to become a scientist

Be curious.Scientists choose to become scientists because they are curious about the world around them and how the things in it work.This curiosity leads them to investigate the how and why behind what they see.

__16__Becoming a scientist takes a long time.There are very few careers that take longer time than this one.Even when you're doing with your education,you still have to get research under your belt.If you're an instant-gratification (即時滿足) type of person,this may not be the right career for you.

Be diligent and persevering.It's been said that jobs in science are the lowest paid in the US.What this is getting at is that because of the long path to success,for a while you won't be living lavishly(奢侈地).__17___

Have the need to always keep learning.__18__Whether it's reading peer-reviewed journals,attending seminars,or working toward getting yourself published,you'll always be learning.

__19___In those years of waiting for results,you need to constantly be looking for the smallest changes in what you expect to see.Your eyes need to be focused and ready at all times.

Think differently.Think back to Newton's apple falling on his head or Archimedes jumping into his tub and displacing water.Most people would think nothing of these events,but these men saw something else,something no one else was seeing at the time.__20___

A.Observation skills are also necessary.

B.Be patient in climbing the career ladder.

C.Things are going to be tough for a while.

D.Then you're probably made of the right stuff.

E.As the saying goes,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”

F.Actually,what every scientist does is to seek out knowledge.

G.To make progress in human knowledge,you have to think differently.

第二部分 語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）

第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

No two snowflakes are alike? Wilson A.Bentley,a farmer and amateur meteorologist,sought to answer that question,dedicating himself to__21__flakes of snow for 50 years.

Bentley was born in 1865 and__22__on a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley's mother gave him an old__23__.It was snowing that day,and the boy__24__getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the__25__.When he was 17,Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new,better microscope and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste of time.Finally,his father gave in.Bentley built a wooden frame to__26__the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake__27___ a microscope.On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the world's first photo of a snowflake.Every winter for the rest of his life,Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n)__28__room in the back of the house.The process was difficult and cold.Outdoors,he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted__29__to observe it.Whenever it snowed,Bentley caught and captured flakes,sometimes working all night.He found that most snowflakes had six sides,__30__others looked like triangles,or columns—no two were alike.

Bentley__31__his discovery of snowflakes with anyone who was interested.He wrote articles for scientists and for__32__such asNational Geographic.Occasionally,he felt__33___that few people seemed to care about his work.Still,he__34__stopped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American Meteorological Society,which later__35__him its first research grant in 1924.

21.A.creating B.producing C.observing D.cleaning

22.A.found B.raised C.attacked D.helped

23.A.bag B.camera C.microscope D.tray

24.A.succeeded in B.turned in C.gave up D.showed up

25.A.time B.frame C.instruction D.instrument

26.A.hold B.fix C.adjust D.buy

27.A.without B.along C.under D.above

28.A.old B.unheated C.small D.cozy

29.A.black B.white C.new D.odd

30.A.or B.and C.so D.but

31.A.sold B.shared C.carried D.compared

32.A.magazines B.newspapers C.colleges D.companies

33.A.amazed B.excited C.disappointed D.encouraged

34.A.always B.once C.ever D.never

35.A.owed B.awarded C.praised D.considered

第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi.The Chinese archaeologist 36.__________has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province 37._________(know) as the“Daughter of Dunhuang”in her field,though the“Protector”is probably a more fitting 38.__________(describe).

Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s,first as an archaeological undergraduate from Peking University,then as a conservationist when she 39.__________(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Academy in 1984,which serves to prevent the ancient site 40.__________being destroyed.

“It is over a thousand years old.It is an old person,an 41.__________(extreme)weak old person.It has 42.__________(variety) illnesses.If you are a little careless,it could be gone.Gone forever,”Fan said.

Today,thanks to the work of great 43.__________(archaeologist) such as Fan,Dunhuang is proud of the world's largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics 44.__________(date)from the 15th to the 13th centuries.The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face,containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁畫)45.__________more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.

第三部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）

第一節（滿分15分）

假定你是李華，你校英語俱樂部正在舉辦征文活動，要求同學們介紹一個生活中最令自己感動的人。請根據下面所提供的要點，寫一篇短文。

1.誰是生活中最令你感動的人；

2.說明原因。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

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第二節（滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

“David,it's time for breakfast,”Mrs Motangi called.“There's a birthday present for you to open.”

David ran into the kitchen and saw a shiny new soccer ball on the table.He smiled and started jumping up and down with excitement.“Can I take the ball to my school with me,please?”asked David.“Of course,”Mrs Motangi said.“But you need to be careful with your first real soccer ball.”

At school,David immediately put his soccer ball under his desk.During the morning lessons,he kept quietly tapping the ball with his foot to make sure it was still there.Finally,it was break time.David seized the ball and quickly ran outside.He kicked the ball skillfully across the field to a group of students.

Soccer was David's favorite sport.Since he arrived in England and started school two months ago,he had played soccer every day during the break.Break was always his favorite time because he didn't have to speak English,a language that was still fairly new to him.When he played soccer,he would forget that he felt like an outsider at this new school.

“Look!”called David.“I got a new soccer ball.We can use it for our game today.”The other students exchanged glances and just stared at David.These were the most words David had ever spoken to them.

“We don't need your ball,”said a tall boy,Jacob.“We already have one.”Jacob liked playing soccer but poorly.Jacob kicked David's ball with all his strength.The ball soared over the school's high fence,bounced once,and rolled to the back of a nearby house.“What a good kick!”screamed the other kids,jumping up and down and slapping Jacob on the back.David watched in horror as his cherished football went out of sight,tears coming to his eyes.What would his mother say?

注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。

Paragraph 1:

He was going outside when his teacher,Mr Bleachers,came with the ball.____________

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Paragraph 2:

With the help of David,they got prepared for the soccer match between classes.________

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