王勝君



摘要:? 針對長白落葉松人工純林植物多樣性降低、生態(tài)功能衰弱、林地地力減退酸化等問題,本研究采用3種采伐強度(15%、30%、40%)對長白落葉松人工林進行撫育間伐,2年后,對撫育后林分及對照林分的植物多樣性進行調(diào)查分析。結(jié)果顯示:隨著采伐強度的增加而增大,草本植物和灌木植物種類增多,密度、蓋度和平均高增大,間伐強度40%的林分物種密度、蓋度和平均高較高,草本植物和灌木植物的群落多樣性好,復雜程度高,林下天然更新樹種種類較多,平均高較大,建議在長白落葉松人工林近自然經(jīng)營過程中,對近熟林采用40%強度的撫育間伐。
關(guān)鍵詞:? 長白落葉松;? 撫育;? 間伐;? 植物多樣性
中圖分類號:? ?S 757. 1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:? ?A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:1001 - 9499(2023)04 - 0027 - 04
The Effect of Thinning Intensity on Plant Diversity of Larix olgensis
WANG Shengjun
(State owned Forest Farm Management Bureau,? Heilongjiang Shangzhi 150010)
Abstract Aiming at the problem of loss biodiversity,weakened ecological function, and acidification of forest land fertility in the pure artificial forest of Larix olgensis plantation,this study used three cutting intensities (15%, 30%, and 40%) for tending and thinning of the artificial forest. After two years, the plant diversity of the tending and control stands was investigated and analyzed. The results showed that as the thinning intensity increased, the number of herbaceous and shrub species increased, and the density The coverage and average height increase, and the species density, coverage, and average height of forests with a thinning intensity of 40% are higher. The community diversity and complexity of herbaceous and shrub plants are good, and there are many natural regeneration tree species under the forest, with a larger average height. It is recommended to use a 40% intensity tending thinning for near mature forests in the near natural management process of Larix olgensis artificial forests.
Key words Larix olgensis; nurturing; thinning; plant diversity
落葉松人工林是我國東北地區(qū)最主要的人工林[ 1 - 3 ],長久以來,我國人工林培育的重點主要在育苗造林方面,撫育管理也主要集中在未成林造林地的撫育管理方面,人工林郁閉成林后的撫育研究與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗非常有限,導致現(xiàn)有落葉松人工林基本為單層同齡純林,存在生物多樣性嚴重下降、地力衰退、病蟲害猖獗、生產(chǎn)力下降等一系列問題[ 4 ]。主要原因是人工林造林密度較大,林隙過小,不利于其他樹種尤其是喜光樹種的介入[ 5 , 6 ]。本研究對長白落葉松近熟林采用15%、30%、40%強度進行撫育間伐,調(diào)查分析林下生物多樣性及天然更新情況,以期為長白落葉松人工純林的近自然經(jīng)營提供理論支撐。
1 研究區(qū)域概況
孟家崗林場(130°32′42″E~130°52′36″E, 46°20′16″N~46°30′50″N)隸屬于黑龍江省佳木斯市。……