How Did Parkour Start and Evolve跑酷的由來和發展

盧屹/譯

You may have witnessed people jumping from wall to wall， scrambling over buildings， springing from poles， and flinging themselves about—thats parkour. Yet， little do you know; parkour is more interesting than you ever know.

也許你曾目睹有人飛檐走壁、攀越樓宇、爬桿跳柱、閃展騰挪——那就是跑酷。不過，你有所不知，跑酷比你想象的更有趣。

Parkours birthplace： where it all began

跑酷發源地：一切開始的地方

Every sport has its roots. For park-our， it began in France， way back in 1988， in the suburbs of Paris.

每種運動都有其淵源。就跑酷而言，它源自法國，可追溯到1988年的巴黎郊區。

It was in France where the man behind the establishment of the sport， David Belle， realized his burning desire to acquire abilities that would be valuable to him in life， rather than merely training to kick a ball or make moves in a cushioned， indoor environment. He had conversations with his father， Raymond Belle， a firefighter. He got the idea of the training called “parcours1，” which his father underwent when he joined a French army unit where they were taught military education and training， first developed by Georges Hébert2.

正是在當時的法國，創造這項運動的幕后功臣大衛·貝爾意識到自己迫切渴望掌握對生活有價值的技能，而不僅僅是練習踢球或在有保護墊的室內環境里活動。他與當消防員的父親雷蒙·貝爾進行過多次交流，從父親那里了解到一種叫作parcours的訓練方法。他父親在法國陸軍某分隊服役期間接受過這種由喬治·埃貝爾首創的軍事教育訓練。

As you can see， parkour is navigating the environment， which serves as the obstacle course. That is because parkour has its origins in military obstacle course coaching and martial arts. It incorporates sprinting， climbing， swinging， leaping， jumping， plyometrics， spinning， and four-legged movement3—whatever is appropriate for the situation.

正如你所見，跑酷是在環境中探索前進的運動，而這個環境充當了越障訓練場的角色。這是因為跑酷起源于軍事上的越障訓練和武術，包含快跑、攀爬、擺蕩、騰躍、跳躍、肌肉增強訓練、旋轉、四足式運動等任何適應環境特點的動作。

After David Belles self-training， he introduced the sport to his cousins and other young men who eventually became his group. They were named the Yamakasi4 group. These men started training and sharing their creativity through movement. Afterward， they had shows and performances that caught peoples attention， though positive or negative.

大衛·貝爾自己訓練過后，又把這項運動介紹給了他的表兄弟和其他幾個年輕人。他們最終組成一支隊伍，名叫Yamakasi。這群年輕人開始訓練，并通過動作分享各自的創意。后來，他們參加的電視節目和演出活動吸引了人們的關注，但反響有好有壞。

Just like how quickly movements are done in parkour， the sport quickly found its way to people in different parts of the world through features in TV programs， advertisements on various platforms， newsreels， feature stories， and electronic games. From France， parkours spirit traveled to the U.S.， Asia， and all parts of the world.

正如跑酷動作完成得飛快，這項運動也通過電視節目、各種平臺上的廣告、新聞短片、專題報道、電子游戲，迅速傳播到世界各地的人群中。跑酷精神從法國傳到美國、亞洲，以至世界各地。

The word “parkour”： its evolution over time

跑酷之名：隨時間而演變

Before arriving at the term “park-our，” it was derived from different phrases way back at its birth.

在定名為parkour之前，這項運動早在誕生時就有幾種不同的叫法。

Georges Hébert brought in the first term “parcours du combattant5.” He called the combat training using the traditional obstacle course approach， which he proposed.

喬治·埃貝爾提出了第一個名稱parcours du combattant，以此將自己提出的傳統越障訓練法稱為“作戰訓練”。

Afterward， “les parcours” was Raymond Belles word for all of his training， which included trekking， jumping， sprinting， stabilizing， and other tactics he utilized to improve his level of fitness.

后來，雷蒙·貝爾用les parcours來稱呼他的整套訓練方法。這套方法包括徒步、跳躍、快跑、平衡等用來強身健體的技能。

Time passed by， David Belle indulged himself to creatively and excitingly navigate the environment， which led him to be successful in his craft of being a stuntman. There， he showcased his love and passion through the art of movement. On his set one time， Hubert Koundé， a French actor and film director， proposed to make the letter “c” in the term “parcours” to letter “k” and remove the letter “s，” which is silently pronounced， which is done in favor of making it more powerful and vibrant. From then， parkour has been known as parkour.

又過了一段時間，大衛·貝爾沉迷于用創新、刺激的方法在某處環境中穿行，這使得他在特技演員的職業生涯中獲得成功。作為特技演員，他通過運動藝術展現自己的熱愛與激情。有一次在拍攝現場，法國演員兼電影導演于貝爾·昆代提議將parcours一詞中的c改為k，再去掉不發音的s，這樣改后的名字聽起來更具力度和動感。自那時起，parkour這個名字就叫開了。

Parkour： from poor activity to a world sport

跑酷：從糟糕的活動到世界性運動

For one activity to be called a sport， it should be physically demanding and skill-based， whereby an individual or a team competes against someone else or others for entertainment purposes. An activity that doesnt possess all those requisites cant be a sport. Yet， parkour encompasses it all; thats why it is a sport. From simple leaping， running， and roaming around the city through creative stunts， it is now recognized by different sports councils.

一個活動要想被稱為一項體育運動，必須對體力有較高要求并且以技巧為本，參與其中的個人或團體要以娛樂為目的與其他人或其他團體較量。除非具備上述所有必要條件，否則不能算作體育運動。跑酷就包括這一切元素，所以它是一項體育運動。從簡單地在城市中四處騰躍、奔跑，到用創新的特技動作漫游城市，跑酷如今還得到了各種體育運動委員會的認可。

Parkour began as a “poor” recreation in the Parisian urban ghettos， but it has since developed enormously， becoming a legitimate sport. Many would take park-our just as a pastime and a poor activity that people dont look up to for reasons—hard to learn， only a few engagements and not worth the risk. Yet， many also do not even know the pleasure and benefits it gives to traceurs alike.

跑酷一開始是巴黎城市貧民區的“窮人”娛樂活動，但之后得以蓬勃發展，成為一項正式的體育運動。許多人可能覺得跑酷只是一種消遣，一種因為難學、活動機會少、不值得冒險等原因而不被看好的糟糕活動。但是，很多人根本不知道它給跑酷者帶來的愉悅和好處。

The popularity of the discipline has grown. For David Belle and his friend Charles Perrière， parkour was further developed in order to gain formal recognition as a sport. Since the FIGs executive committee gave the go-ahead for the sports development in February 2017， milestones have been reached at the speed of an athlete tackling an obstacle course.

現在，這項運動越來越受歡迎。對大衛·貝爾和他的朋友夏爾·佩里埃而言，進一步發展跑酷是為了讓它被正式認可為一項體育運動。自國際體操聯合會執委會在2017年2月批準發展這項運動以來，跑酷者不斷以田徑運動員完成障礙賽的速度達到一個又一個里程碑。

This development paved the way for the parkour to finally find its way to conduct the World Cup Series.

這一進展為跑酷最終得以舉辦世界杯系列賽鋪平了道路。

You see， parkour isnt just leaping and roaming around the city. Traceurs and the sport parkour itself are globally given recognition and appreciation.

你看，跑酷不單單是在城市中四處騰躍、肆意漫游。跑酷者和跑酷運動本身已經在全世界得到了認可和贊賞。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎者）