Sun Jiadong－Father of China’s Satellite Technology 孫家棟－中國衛(wèi)星技術(shù)之父

陳陽 張建

他，默默耕耘六十載，在他領(lǐng)導下發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星占中國航天飛行器的三分之一；他，親歷、見證、參與了中國航天事業(yè)發(fā)展的全過程。他就是“兩彈一星”功勛科學家——孫家棟。

Born in 1929， Sun Jiadong showed a 1）tenacious character at a veryyoung age.

In 1942， he was admitted to the Civil Engineering Department of theFirst Higher School in Harbin. In 1948， he was admitted tothe 2）preparatory school of Harbin Institute of Technologyto learn Russian， and then transferred to the department ofautomobile. In 1951， Sun Jiadong and 29 other soldiers weresent to the Engineering Institute of the Soviet Union to studyaircraft engines. Seven years later， he graduated and receivedthe Gold Medal. After returning to China， he was assigned tothe First Branch of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministryof National Defense and engaged in original missile work.

In 1967， Qian Xuesen personally appointed the38-year-old Sun Jiadong as chief technician of Chinas?first man-made earth satellite， the “Dongfanghong 1”. Facedwith the hard situation of no information， no experience， andno expert， Sun had to develop a satellite which is “able to be 3）launched，tracked， heared and seen”. How hard was it？ Sun said， “Firstly， we did notknow how to do this; secondly， we had not done it before; thirdly， we didnthave necessary resources.”

But at that time several other countries had launched satellites. Thetime left was limited， so they could not wait， or they would be “sinners” ofthe Chinese people. Bearing this in his mind， Sun fully devoted himself towork. In 1970， when Sun was 41 years old， Chinas first man-made satelliteDongfanghong 1 was launched successfully.

In 2004， China formally started the lunar exploration project， the75-year-old Sun once again joined the battle as chief designer. As the lunarexploration project was very 4）risky， many people didnt understand whythe successful and widely recognized Sun would undertook this job. In casehe failed this time， his glorious space career would fade. But Sun acceptedwithout hesitation. He said， “I will do whatever my country needs.”

In June 5， 2018， the FY-2H， the last of the FY-2 series satellites， waslaunched successfully. As chief designer of the FY-2 project， the 89-year-oldSun once again commanded the launch at Xichang Satellite Launch Center.“I have spent my whole life in the space industry. It is just like my hobby and Ishall never leave it，” He said.

As the important promoter of the innovation and development of spacescience and technology， Sun Jiadong was awarded the title of Pioneer ofReform in 2018， and he was awarded the Medal of the Republic in 2019. Hisscientific spirit and his devotion to space exploration deserve our respect.

1） tenacious adj. 頑強的

2） preparatory adj. 預備性的

3） launch v. 發(fā)射

4） risky adj. 有危險的

孫家棟出生于1929 年，很小時就表現(xiàn)出頑強的性格。

1942 年，孫家棟考入哈爾濱第一高等學校土木工程系。1948 年考入哈爾濱工業(yè)大學預科學習俄語，后轉(zhuǎn)入汽車系學習。1951 年，孫家棟等29 名士兵被派往蘇聯(lián)工學院學習飛機發(fā)動機技術(shù)。7 年后，他順利畢業(yè)并獲得金質(zhì)獎?wù)隆?/p>

回國后，他被分配到國防部第五研究所第一分院，從事導彈原創(chuàng)工作。

1967 年，錢學森親自任命38 歲的孫家棟為中國第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星“東方紅一號”的首席技術(shù)人員。面對“無信息、無經(jīng)驗、無專家”的困境，孫家棟必須研制一顆“上得去、抓得住、聽得清、看得見”的衛(wèi)星。有多難？孫家棟說：“首先，我們不知道怎么做; 其次，我們以前沒有這樣做過; 第三，我們沒有必要的資源。”

但當時其他幾個國家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了衛(wèi)星。時間有限，他們不能再等了，否則就是中國人民的“罪人”。帶著這樣的想法，孫家棟全身心地投入工作中。1970 年，孫家棟41 歲，中國第一顆人造衛(wèi)星“東方紅一號”成功發(fā)射。

2004 年，我國正式啟動探月工程，75 歲的孫家棟再一次以總設(shè)計師的身份加入戰(zhàn)斗。由于月球探測項目風險很大，許多人不明白為什么成功并得到廣泛認可的孫家棟會承擔這項工作。如果他這次失敗了，他輝煌的太空生涯將會褪色，但孫家棟毫不猶豫地接受了。他說：“國家需要，我就去做。”

2018 年6 月5 日，“風云二號”系列最后一顆衛(wèi)星“風云二號H星”成功發(fā)射。

作為風云二號項目的總設(shè)計師，89 歲的孫家棟再次在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心指揮了這次發(fā)射。“我一生都在從事航天事業(yè)。這就像我的愛好一樣，我永遠不會離開它。”他說。

作為空間科技創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的重要推動者，孫家棟于2018 年被授予“改革先鋒”稱號，2019 年被授予“共和國勛章”。他的科學精神和對太空探索的獻身精神值得我們尊敬。