關(guān)玉鳳 黃偉英 劉巧瑜 陳繼嫻 曾天孺 陳海光



摘 要:本文研究雞骨架添加量對雞肉粉營養(yǎng)成分、物理特性感官評價(jià)的影響。結(jié)果表明,隨著雞骨架添加量的增加,雞肉粉中粗蛋白含量顯著降低(P<0.05),脂肪含量顯著升高(P<0.05),吸濕性顯著降低(P<0.05),對雞肉粉的溶解性無顯著影響(P>0.05)。雞肉粉的出粉率呈先增加后降低的趨勢,20%雞骨架添加量的雞肉粉出粉率和整體可接受性取得最高值,分別為61.88%和8.6分。添加20%雞骨架有助于增添雞肉粉風(fēng)味、提高出粉率,可提高雞骨架利用率,為制造雞肉粉相關(guān)產(chǎn)品提供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:雞骨架;雞肉粉;品質(zhì)特性;噴霧干燥
Abstract: This paper studied the effects of chicken skeleton supplemental level on nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of physical properties of chicken meal. The results showed that with the increase of chicken skeleton addition, the crude protein of chicken powder decreased significantly (P<0.05), the fat content increased significantly (P<0.05) and the hygroscopicity decreased significantly (P<0.05), there was no significant effect on the solubility of chicken powder (P>0.05). The yield of chicken powder increased first and then decreased. The highest yield and overall acceptability score were 61.88% and 8.6 points, respectively, when 20% chicken skeleton content was added. Adding 20% chicken skeleton can help to increase the flavor of chicken powder, improve the flour yield, and improve the utilization rate of chicken skeleton, which provides a reference for the manufacture of chicken powder related products.
Keywords: chicken skeleton; chicken powder; quality characteristics; spray drying
近年來,我國肉類消費(fèi)量呈不斷增長趨勢,雞肉滋味鮮美、營養(yǎng)豐富,在全球食品市場上占據(jù)重要地位。2020年,我國肉產(chǎn)量為2 361萬t,雞肉年產(chǎn)量達(dá)1 487萬t[1]。雞肉產(chǎn)量的增加產(chǎn)生了大量的副產(chǎn)物——雞骨架,雞骨架是分割雞肉產(chǎn)生的主要副產(chǎn)物,由雞骨和黏附骨架的雞肉組成,雞骨殘?jiān)颊浑u的20%~50%[2]。雞骨架富含礦物質(zhì),鈣、磷含量比2∶1,易于人體吸收[3]。作為雞肉屠宰場的副產(chǎn)品,大部分雞骨被直接丟棄或加工成低價(jià)值的動物飼料原料,導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染或資源浪費(fèi)。隨著雞骨架開發(fā)研究的深入,科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)雞骨提取物中的風(fēng)味氨基酸占游離氨基酸72%~74%,可深度加工制成調(diào)味品等[4-5]。
雞肉粉的制備原料是雞胸肉,含有豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),易被人體消化和吸收,應(yīng)用在方便面調(diào)料和休閑食品的加工中[6]。但雞肉粉制作原料成本高,儲藏中易發(fā)生吸濕、結(jié)塊、蛋白質(zhì)氧化,會發(fā)生功能性的變化,如溶解性和持水能力等[7]。……