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桂西南巖溶區八種適生植物光合性狀的變異與關聯

2023-05-30 16:47:43龐世龍歐芷陽葉斯進吳梓源申文輝何峰陸國導
廣西植物 2023年3期

龐世龍 歐芷陽 葉斯進 吳梓源 申文輝 何峰 陸國導

摘 要:? 為探究巖溶植物的光合生理適應機制,采用Li-6400XT便攜式光合作用測量系統,對廣西平果市巖溶區8種適生植物的葉片凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導度(Gs)、胞間CO2濃度(Ci)、蒸騰速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氣孔限制值(Ls)等光合特征參數進行了測定分析。結果表明:(1)6個光合特征參數在種內和種間均存在不同程度的變異,并且種內變異均大于種間變異。(2)Gs和Tr的變化主要來源于種間變異(46.72% ~ 49.76%),而Pn、Ci、WUE和Ls變化主要來源于種內變異(48.66% ~ 64.50%)。在生活型水平上,Pn、Gs和Tr的種內變異表現為常綠植物小于落葉植物,而Ci、WUE和Ls則相反。(3)各參數的種間變異均表現為落葉植物大于常綠植物。(4)無論在種內還是種間,Gs的總體變異程度最大,其次是Tr和Pn,再次是Ls和WUE,Ci最小。Pn、Gs和Tr三者之間呈顯著正相關(P<0.01);Ls與WUE呈顯著正相關(P<0.05),而與Gs和Ci呈顯著負相關(P<0.05)。這種關系與全球尺度基本一致,反映了植物對資源的權衡策略,驗證了巖溶植物葉經濟譜(LES)的存在。(5)常綠植物具有較高的Ls、WUE和較低的Gs、Tr、Ci及Pn,在LES中的位置更靠近具有高WUE、低蒸騰、低光合等特點的“緩慢投資-收益”型物種的一端;而落葉植物與之相反,位于低WUE、高蒸騰、高光合等特點的“快速投資-收益”型物種的一端。該研究結果表明,植物通過性狀間的協同與權衡,采取了不同的生存策略以適應變化的環境,為后續篩選適生物種,加速植被恢復演替進程提供了科學依據。

關鍵詞: 光合性狀, 種內變異, 種間變異, 葉經濟譜, 巖溶

中圖分類號:? Q945

文獻標識碼:? A

文章編號:? 1000-3142(2023)03-0536-11

Variation and correlation of photosynthetic traits of eight

adaptive plants in? karst region of Southwest Guangxi

PANG Shilong1, OU Zhiyang1*, YE Sijin2, WU Ziyuan2,

SHEN Wenhui1, HE Feng1, LU Guodao1

( 1. Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530002, China;

2. Nanning Qingxiu Mountain Tourism Development Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China )

Abstract:? In order to explore the photosynthetic physiological adaptation mechanism of karst plant, the leaf photosythetic parameters of eight karst adaptable plants in Pingguo City, Guangxi were detected and analyzed,? including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductivity (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal limitation value (Ls), by using Li-6400XT portable photosynthesis system. Statistical methods, such as Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were also used in this study. The results were as follows: (1) Six photosynthetic parameters had different variations within and between species, and all the intraspecific variations were greater than the interspecific. (2) Change of Gs and Tr mainly originated from interspecific variation (46.72% - 49.76%), while that of Pn, Ci, WUE and Ls mainly from intraspecific variation (48.66% - 64.50%). At the life form level, the intraspecific variations of Pn, Gs and Tr of evergreen plants were less than those of deciduous plants, but the intraspecific variation of Ci, WUE and Ls of evergreen plants was higher. (3) Interspecific variations of all the parameters of deciduous plants were greater than those of evergreen plants. (4) Gs variation was the greatest both at the intraspecific and the interspecific levels, followed by Tr and Pn, then Ls and WUE, and Ci variation were the least. There were significant positive correlations among Pn, Gs and Tr (P<0.01). Ls was significantly positively correlated with WUE (P<0.05), but negatively with Gs and Ci (P<0.05). The correlations among these photosynthetic parameters are basically consistent with the global scale, which reflects the diverse trade-off strategies of plants to environment resources. The results also verified the leaf economics spectrum (LES) of karst plant. (5) Evergreen plants were located at the slow investment-return end of the LES with high values of Ls, WUE and low values of Gs, Tr, Ci and Pn. On the contrary, deciduous plants were located at the quick investment-return end of the LES with low value of WUE and high value of Pn and Tr. The results reflect karst plant adapt to changing environment with different adaptation strategies by trade-offs or co-ordinations among traits, and provide scientific basis for selecting adaptive tree species and accelerating the succession process of vegetation restoration in the karst area.

Key words: photosynthetic traits, intraspecific variation, interspecific variation, leaf economics spectrum, karst

光合作用是植物吸收光能轉化為化學能的過程,是植物干物質積累和新陳代謝最重要的生理過程,對實現自然界能量轉換,維持大氣碳-氧平衡具有重要意義(潘業興和王帥, 2016)。光合作用既受葉片自身性狀的影響,又與光照、溫度、濕度、CO2濃度以及水分等外界環境因子密切相關,不同的環境因子會表現出不同的生態適應性和適應機制(Robert et al., 2007; 池永寬等, 2014)。在植物生理生態學研究中,葉片光合生理一直備受關注(曹生奎等, 2012; 譚代軍等, 2019)。

近年來,氣候變化對全球生態系統和生物多樣性造成的一系列負面或潛在影響已引起全社會的密切關注(王常順和汪詩平, 2015)。……

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