李磊 劉驍 周述光 何正華 姬廣富 葛妮娜



本文采用基于緊束縛密度泛函理論的分子動力學, 研究高溫下碳基燒蝕材料三種模型(無缺陷、原子缺陷以及孔洞缺陷)的氧化反應機制. 研究發現高溫下的反應產物主要是CO和CO2. CO的產生過程主要源于環氧基團中C-C鍵的裂解,而CO2的形成則較為復雜,主要源于小分子團簇(C2O2、C3O1、C4O1)的裂解. C-C鍵裂解是石墨氧化反應的主要途徑,C-O鍵形成是CO和CO2生成速率的控制因素. 此外,體系的溫度、缺陷以及孔洞對石墨的氧化反應機制有重要的影響. 通過分析氧化反應速率,計算得到三種模型氧化反應的活化能分別為7.56、2.4和1.6 kcal/mol. 缺陷越明顯活化能越低,則氧化反應速率較高,無缺陷的模型由于活化能最高,其氧化反應速率最低.
分子動力學; 氧化反應機制; 反應產物; 氧化反應速率
TB35A2023.034003
收稿日期: 2022-10-24
基金項目: 環境友好能源材料能源材料國家重點實驗室自主課題(21fksy27); 國家數值風洞項目
作者簡介: 李磊(1996-), 男, 江蘇泰州人, 碩士研究生, 主要研究材料物性模擬.
通訊作者: 葛妮娜. E-mail: genina911@163.com
Molecular dynamics study on oxidation mechanism of carbon-based ablative materials under high temperature
LI Lei1, LIU Xiao2, ZHOU Shu-Guang2, HE Zheng-Hua3, JI Guang-Fu3, GE Ni-Na1
(1. State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
2. China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621010, China;
3. Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621010, China)
Molecular dynamics simulations based on the self-consistent charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method is used to study the oxidation mechanism of three models (defect-free, atomic-defect and pore-defect) of carbon-based ablative materials under high temperature. It is found that the reaction products at high temperature are mainly CO and CO2. The production process of CO mainly comes from decomposition of C-C bond in epoxy group. The formation of CO2 is relatively complex, mainly from fragmentation of small molecular clusters (C2O2, C3O1, C4O1). It is found that C-C bond is the main way of graphite oxidation reaction, and C-O bond is the controlling factor of CO and CO2 generation rate. In addition, the temperature, defects and holes of the system have important effects on the oxidation mechanism of graphite. By analyzing the oxidation reaction rate, the calculated activation energies of the three model oxidation reactions are 7.56, 2.4 and 1.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The model with atomic defects and holes corresponds to a low activation energy and a high oxidation reaction rate, while the case without defects associates with the lowest oxidation reaction rate due to the highest activation energy.
Molecular dynamics; Oxidation mechanism; Reaction products; Oxidation reaction rate
1 引 言再入式飛行器進入大氣層時,其外表層會與大氣層中氧原子發生碰撞,通過侵蝕和氧化導致材料發生物理和化學變化,從而會破壞飛行器的外表層. 因此需要在外表層裝備一層燒蝕材料,防止熱量傳遞到飛行器內部,從而達到保護飛行器的目的. 碳基燒蝕材料由于其重量輕、燒蝕速率低和耐高溫等優點,通常被用于再入式飛行器的熱防護系統,是當前較為理……