考慮動態(tài)需求的多中心沿途補貨冷鏈物流配送路徑優(yōu)化

譚曉偉 王雪韻 胡大偉

為提升冷鏈物流配送效率、降低物流成本，本文在綜合考慮多配送中心、客戶動態(tài)需求、沿途補貨策略的前提下，建立以總配送成本和客戶滿意度最優(yōu)為目標的冷鏈物流配送模型.模型采用主目標法處理客戶滿意度和成本之間的背反關(guān)系，將動態(tài)問題按照時間軸依次分解為一系列的靜態(tài)調(diào)度子問題并考慮了5種配送成本.本文提出自適應(yīng)大鄰域搜索算法求解該模型，設(shè)計了三種破壞算子和三種修復(fù)算子，對小中大三種不同規(guī)模的算例進行測算.結(jié)果表明該算法在速度、精度和穩(wěn)定性上表現(xiàn)良好，對求解此類問題有較好的適應(yīng)性和準確性.與不考慮沿途補貨策略的動態(tài)配送方案相比，沿途補貨策略可使成本降低23.06%、客戶滿意度提升8.69%.結(jié)果表明提出的配送方案可很好地節(jié)約企業(yè)的配送資源、減少配送成本、增強競爭力.

物流工程； 冷鏈物流； 自適應(yīng)大鄰域搜索算法； 配送路徑優(yōu)化； 動態(tài)需求； 沿途補貨

U492.3A2023.022002

收稿日期： 2022-08-31

基金項目： 陜西省自然科學(xué)基金項目（2021JZ-20）

作者簡介： 譚曉偉（1985-）， 男， 內(nèi)蒙赤峰人， 工程師， 博士生， 主要研究方向為物流優(yōu)化. E-mail： tanxw@chd.edu.cn

通訊作者： 胡大偉. E-mail： dwhu@chd.edu.cn

Research on distribution routing optimization of multi-center cold chain logistics for replenishment along the way considering dynamic demand

TAN Xiao-Wei1， WANG Xue-Yun2，? HU Da-Wei3

（1. School of Automobile， Changan University， Xian 710018，? China；? 2. Daqing Water Affairs Bureau， Daqing 163311， China;

3. School of Transportation Engineering， Changan University， Xian 710064， China）

To improve the efficiency of cold chain logistics distribution and reduce logistics cost， a cold chain logistics distribution model is established to optimize both total distribution cost and customer satisfaction on the premise of comprehensively considering multiple distribution centers， customers dynamic demand and strategy of replenishment along the way. A principal objective method is used to deal with the inverse relationship between customer satisfaction and cost， and the dynamic problem is decomposed into a series of static scheduling sub-problems according to the time axis with five kinds of distribution cost considered. An adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the peoposed model with three kinds of damage operators and three repair operators. Small， medium and large-scale examples are calculated respectively， the results show that the algorithm performs well in terms of speed， accuracy and stability， and moreover， is adaptable and accurate in solving such problems. Compared with the dynamic distribution scheme without considering strategy of replenishment along the way， the cost is reduced by 23.06% and the customer satisfaction is improved by 8.69% by the strategy of replenishment along the way， this? confirms the proposed distribution scheme can save distribution resources， reduce distribution cost and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

Logistics engineering; Cold chain logistics; Adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm; Distribution routing optimization; Dynamic demand; Replenishment along the way

1 引 言

隨著人們對生活品質(zhì)的要求不斷提高，生鮮電商迅猛發(fā)展、冷藏食品消費量不斷升級，冷鏈物流配送問題日益凸顯.生鮮產(chǎn)品保質(zhì)期短、易損耗，需要冷鏈物流具有較高的時效性.因此，合理規(guī)劃配送路徑，提高客戶滿意度的同時，降低配送成本，成為冷鏈物流……