有關(guān)“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”的考點(diǎn)歸納

馮寶蘭

過(guò)去完成時(shí)是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本形式之一，也是中考的一個(gè)常考內(nèi)容。對(duì)此，筆者就過(guò)去完成時(shí)的形式和主要用法進(jìn)行了分析，以期同學(xué)們能夠準(zhǔn)確把握和運(yùn)用。

一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的形式

過(guò)去完成時(shí)主要由“had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其形式如下：

（1）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他。例如：

By the end of last year， I had worked in the school for ten years.

到去年年底，我已經(jīng)在學(xué)校工作了十年。

When I called Tom， he had left the hotel.

當(dāng)我打電話給湯姆時(shí)，他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)酒店了。

（2）否定句：主語(yǔ)+hadn t（had not）+過(guò)去分詞+其他。例如：

The sun hadn t risen when we got to the top of the mountain.

當(dāng)我們到達(dá)山頂時(shí)太陽(yáng)還沒(méi)有升起來(lái)。

The little boy sitting next to me on the plane was afraid ， because he hadn tflown be- fore.

飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的小男孩很害怕，因?yàn)樗郧皼](méi)有坐過(guò)飛機(jī)。

（3）一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他，其肯定回答為“Yes，主語(yǔ)+had”，否定回答則為“No，主語(yǔ)+hadn t”。例如：

—Had the basketball match begun when you got to the playground？

—Yes， it had.

——你到操場(chǎng)的時(shí)候籃球比賽已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了嗎？

——是的，它已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。

二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法

1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)， 常與by， before，when 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：

The wind was still blowing， but the rain had stopped.

風(fēng)還在吹著，但雨已經(jīng)停了。（had stopped 發(fā)生在was still blowing之前）

When I got home， my parents had gone out for a walk.

當(dāng)我回家時(shí)，我的父母已經(jīng)出去散步了。（had gone out發(fā)生在got home之前）

2.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。例如：

By the time of last year， I had learnt danc- ing for six years.

到去年的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年的舞蹈了。

He had worked in this company since he came here.

自從他來(lái)到這里就在這個(gè)公司工作。

3.在“It was the first/second/third...time that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于主句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，因此that引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

This was the first time she had seen her mother so furious.

這是她第一次看到母親如此憤怒。

That was the second time that I had visit- ed the Palace Museum.

那是我第二次參觀故宮博物館。

4.在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，若

主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，且賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作，那么賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：

She asked me whether I had seen the film last Sunday.

她問(wèn)我上星期天是否看過(guò)那部電影。

He said that he had visited his old class- mates.

他說(shuō)他已拜訪了他的老同學(xué)。

5.hope， want， mean，plan， intend， expect 等意向動(dòng)詞， 若使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，則表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、意圖、計(jì)劃、打算等，常含有某種遺憾、惋惜。例如：

We had hoped that you would come yes- terday， but you didn t.

我們本希望你昨天能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)來(lái)。

The girl had meant to take the English book with her， but she forgot.

這個(gè)女孩本來(lái)打算帶上英語(yǔ)書(shū)的，但是她忘記了。

總之，過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主要側(cè)重表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。同學(xué)們要熟知其形式，掌握其基本用法。

【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】

①I(mǎi)?? to see you， but I was too busy.

A.want????? B. wanted

C.has wanted??? D. had wanted

②By the first day of July 2023，the CPC ??? ?for one hundred and two years.

A.founds???? B. found

C. has been founded D. had been founded

③ Jack didn t go to see the film with us last night because he??? it with his father.

A.saw????? B. will see

C.had seen??? D. has seen

【參考答案】① D ② D ③ C