感 嘆 句

◎高 潔

感嘆句表示說話人的驚訝、喜悅、氣憤等情緒，由what 或how 引導(dǎo)，句末用感嘆號，朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。感嘆句是歷年中考常考的題型，通常以單項(xiàng)選擇的形式呈現(xiàn)。

考查重點(diǎn)：

1. 感嘆句的基本用法；

2. 對引導(dǎo)詞what 和how 的選擇；

3. 陳述句改感嘆句。

考向一 感嘆句的基本用法

用來表示說話人強(qiáng)烈的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情的句子叫感嘆句。感嘆句由what 或how 引導(dǎo)，具體用法如下表：

類別 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句What + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+ 主語 + 謂語）______What a kind girl (she is)! （她是）一個(gè)多么善良的女孩啊！what 引導(dǎo)What + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞（+ 主語 + 謂語）What beautiful flowers (they are)!多么漂亮的花！What bad weather (it is)!____________________________多么糟糕的天氣！______________How + 主語 + 謂語 How time flies! 時(shí)間飛逝！how 引導(dǎo)How brave (the hero is)!（這個(gè)英雄）真勇敢！How slowly he walks!他走得多慢啊！How + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+ 主語 + 謂語）How + 形容詞/副詞（+ 主語 +謂語）How clever a boy (he is)!（他是）一個(gè)多么聰明的男孩啊！

【典例】

1. ___________________ exciting news! We’ve never had ___________________ long vacation before.

A. What；such a B. What an；such a

C. How；such a D. What；so

【答案】A

【解析】句意：多么令人興奮的消息！以前我們從來沒有這么長的假期。此題考查“What +形容詞+ 名詞”和“such a +形容詞+ 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。

2. —Look! ___________________ clean the classroom looks!

—Yes. I’m sure somebody ___________________ it up.

A. What; has cleaned B. How; has cleaned

C. What; cleaned D. How; cleaned

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——看！教室看起來多么干凈啊！——是啊。我確定有人已經(jīng)打掃過了。前一句修飾形容詞clean，應(yīng)用how，排除A、C 兩項(xiàng)；有人打掃才會干凈，側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。

考向二 陳述句改感嘆句

陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時(shí)，常使用“一斷二加三換位”的方法。

1. “一斷”，即在謂語后斷開，使句子分為兩部分。

She is ‖ a beautiful girl. 她是一個(gè)美麗的姑娘。

He works ‖ hard. 他工作努力。

2. “二加”，即如果第二部分是一個(gè)名詞(詞組)，就加上what，如果第二部分為副詞或形容詞，就加上how。

She is ‖ (what) a beautiful girl.

He works ‖ (how) hard.

3. “三換位”，即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置，同時(shí)把句號換為感嘆號。

What a beautiful girl she is!

How hard he works!

【典例】

She is a hard-working student. (改為感嘆句)

【答案】What a hard-working student she is! /How hard-working she is!

【解析】感嘆句有What... 和How... 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，在該題中，如果用what，感嘆部分為What a hard-working student；而如果用How，感嘆部分則為How hard-working。

方法技巧

感嘆句記憶口訣

感嘆句，并不難，what 與how 應(yīng)在前。

形容詞、副詞跟著how，what 后面名詞連。

名詞若是可數(shù)單，前帶冠詞a 或an。

主語、謂語放后面，省略它們也常見。

練習(xí)

1. _____________________ beautiful the East Lake is! Last month, he showed us around the beautiful lake.

A. How a B. What C. How D. What a

2. Hainan will become a free trade port. _____________________ exciting news it is!

A. What an B. What C. How D. How an

3. _____________________ big success the charity show was! We have raised a lot of money.

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

4. _____________________ big success Stephen Hawking was! He was one of the bestknown scientists on space and time in the world.

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

5. —____________ lovely the weather is!—Yes. ____________ good time we are having!

A. How; What B. What a; How

C. How; What a D. What; What

6. _____________________ useful robot it is! It can help with the housework like a human servant.

A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

7. — _____________________ exciting the movieStrangers on a Trainis!

—Sure, I have seen it three times.

A. What B. What an C. How D. How an

8. _____________________ heavily it is raining now!

A. What B. How C. What a D. How a

9. — _____________________ crowded Qingliang East Road is!

—Yes, because the number of cars has kept _____________________ greatly since April.

A. What a; rising B. How a; raising

C. How; rising D. What; raising

10. —Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.

— _____________________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a