彭士祿：中國核潛艇之父

◎ Juno

Track 5

“當然愿意，只要祖國需要。”這是彭士祿的堅定承諾，從此，他的一生便與中國的核動力事業緊緊地聯系在一起。彭士祿是我國著名的核動力專家，中國核動力領域的開拓者和奠基者之一。2021 年5 月26 日，中共中央宣傳部決定，追授彭士祿“時代楷模”稱號；2022 年3 月3 日，彭士祿被評為“感動中國2021 年度人物”。

Peng Shilu was born in a “red family” in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province in 1925. His father was Peng Pai, a pioneer leader of the peasant movement in China. When Peng Shilu was less than five years old, his mother and father died. The young Peng Shilu lived a life of escape.

“This is Peng Pai’s son.” The poor folks, as long as they heard this sentence, they would risk their lives to protect the1)orphanof a martyr who was2)wantedby the Kuomintang reactionaries. Under the shadow of the white terror, Peng Shilu was taken care of and protected by the poor, and he moved between different families and lived a difficult life. The mutual kindness of fellow villagers has been deeply imprinted in Peng Shilu’s young heart.

During those difficult years, Peng Shilu worked as a beggar, had a high fever and almost died, had severe malaria... The dangers of life appeared again and again, it was the cover and help of the masses that allow Peng Shilu to survive. In 1944, with the help of the party organization, he went to study in the sacred place of revolution in Yan’an.In 1951, 26-year-old Peng Shilu became the first 3)batchof Chinese students to study in the Soviet Union. When he graduated, he was rated as an “Excellent Chemical Mechanical Engineer” with an excellent score.

“Are you willing to change your career?”

“Of course I do, as long as the motherland needs it!”

In 1956, he did not hesitate to change his career to learn nuclear power for the sake of the motherland. In the early 1960s, China’s development of nuclear submarines was almost a “blank”. Peng Shilu and others were learning, exploring and practicing. They quickly grew into China’s first generation of nuclear dynamics experts. In 1974, the first nuclear submarine developed entirely by the Chinese was officially4)deliveredto the navy. China became the fifth country in the world to have a nuclear submarine. After that, the nuclear submarine operated safely without5)accidentfor more than 40 years.

“In the entire nuclear submarine development process, I don’t know how many technical difficulties and how many collaborative projects there are, and these are achieved with the high sense of responsibility of all the engineers participating in the development, working together,regardless of fame and fortune, and strictly following the laws of science.Therefore, it is successful.” As the chief designer of nuclear submarines,Peng Shilu took6)indifferenceto fame and fortune as his work7)creed.

Peng Shilu died on 22 March 2021, at the age of 96.

“Comrade Peng Shilu is an excellent inheritor of the red family tradition, an outstanding practitioner of the spirit of a scientist, a pioneer ox in China’s nuclear power industry, and an outstanding representative of the Communist Party.” On May 26, 2021, the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee decided to8)posthumouslyaward Peng Shilu the title of “Model of the Times”.

On March 3, 2022, Peng Shilu was honored as a “Touching China’s Figure of the Year 2021”.

1) orphann.孤兒

2) wantv.通緝

3) batchn.一批

4) deliverv.交付

5) accidentn.事故

6) indifferencen.漠不關心

7) creedn.信條

8) posthumouslyadv.于死后

1925 年，彭士祿出生于廣東省海豐縣的一個“紅色家庭”，他的父親是我國農民運動先驅、領袖彭湃。彭士祿不到五歲的時候，母親和父親相繼犧牲。年幼的彭士祿過上了逃亡的生活。

“這是彭湃的兒子。”貧困的鄉親們只要一聽到這句話，就會冒著生命危險來保護這個被國民黨反動派列為追捕對象的烈士遺孤。在白色恐怖陰影下，彭士祿得到了貧苦百姓的照顧和掩護，輾轉于不同的人家，艱難生活。老鄉們舍身相助的恩情已經深深烙印在彭士祿幼小的心里。

在那段艱難的歲月里，彭士祿當過乞丐，曾發高燒險些夭折，得過嚴重的瘧疾……一次次的生命危險不斷出現，是人民群眾的掩護和幫助，讓彭士祿活了下來。1944 年，在黨組織的幫助下，彭士祿到革命圣地延安讀書學習。1951 年，26 歲的彭士祿以優異的成績成為中國第一批公派留學蘇聯的留學生，畢業時他以全優成績被評為“優秀化工機械工程師”。

“你愿意改行嗎？”

“當然愿意，只要祖國需要！”

1956 年，為了祖國，彭士祿毫不猶豫地改行學起了核動力。20 世紀60年代初，中國的核潛艇研制幾乎是“一片空白”。彭士祿等人在學習探索和研究實踐中，迅速成長為中國第一代核動力學專家。1974 年，完全由中國人自己研制的第一艘核潛艇正式交付海軍使用，中國也成了世界上第五個擁有核潛艇的國家，之后這艘核潛艇無事故安全運行了40 多年。

“在整個核潛艇的研制過程中，不知有多少技術難關，多少協作項目，都是靠所有參加研制工程人員的高度責任心，同心同德，齊心協力，不計任何名利報酬，嚴格遵循科學規律才取得成功的。”作為核潛艇的總設計師，彭士祿把不計名利作為自己的工作信條。

2021 年3 月22 日，彭士祿逝世，享年96 歲。

“彭士祿同志是紅色家風的優秀傳承者，是科學家精神的杰出踐行者，是中國核動力事業的‘拓荒牛’，是共產黨員的優秀代表。”2021 年5 月26 日，中共中央宣傳部決定追授彭士祿“時代楷模”稱號。

2022 年3 月3 日，彭士祿被評為“感動中國2021 年度人物”。