Stonehenge,Avebury and Associated Sites

許林玉

巨石陣、埃夫伯里和相關(guān)遺跡群，是歐洲最大的史前古跡。在英國人心中，它是一處非常古老而又非常神圣的地方。本期，我們一起走進(jìn)歐洲著名的史前時(shí)代文化遺址。

Stonehenge and Avebury,in Wiltshire,are among the most famous groups of megaliths in the world.They consist of circles of menhirs arranged in a pattern whose astronomical significance is still being1)explore [?k?spl??(r)] v.探索explored.These holy places and the nearby Neolithic sites are an2)incomparable [?n?k?mpr?bl] adj.無可匹敵的incomparabletestimony to prehistoric times.

Overview

The Stonehenge,Avebury and Associated Sites is one of the most3)recoɡnizable [?rek?ɡ?na?z?bl] adj.可辨認(rèn)的recognizabletourist attractions in England.It is also a cultural UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) known for its prehistoric and archaeological value.It was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1986.

The Stonehenge,Avebury and Associated Sites is a group of prehistoric monuments.It is considered as the most important monument of its kind in the world.According to archaeological experts,these megaliths have been dated back to 3,700 BC and 1,600 BC.The megaliths are associated with the funerary and ceremonial practices that were done in Britain durinɡ the Neolithic and Bronze Aɡe.

The Stonehenge,Avebury and Associated Sites is comprised of two major land areas that are located within 30 miles from each other.The first site is the famous Stonehenge,while the second location comprised within this World Heritage Site is the Avebury and associated sites.

詞組加油站

consist of 由……組成

date back to 追溯到

be comprised of 由……組成

It is therefore important to look closer into each location to have a better understanding of these cultural monuments and their heritage value.

Stonehenge and Associated Monuments

The Stonehenge monuments are one of the most4)siɡnificant [s?ɡ?n?f?k?nt] adj.重要的significantmegaliths in the world,but also for the culture and heritage of England.It is located in South Wiltshire and5)span [sp?n] v.橫跨；包括spansup to 26 square kilometers in land area.The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge is the main feature of this WHS.The ownership of this monument is divided between various orɡanizations includinɡ the National Trust,Wiltshire Council,and the English Heritage.

The associated monuments in Stonehenge represent the most architecturally sophisticated stone circle from the prehistoric times.This also represents the hiɡhest concentration of Neolithic and Bronze Aɡe monuments found in England.There are several burial mounds and a processional route within the axis of this complex of monuments.In fact,some experts claim there is an astronomical character to how these structures were built.

Avebury and Associated Monuments

The Avebury associated monuments were dated back to 2,600 BCE.It also holds the same level of importance as the monuments found within Stonehenge.In particular,this part6)feature [?fi?t??(r)] v.以……為主要組成features3 prehistoric stone circles (one of them is the largest of its kind in the world).The main stone circle is7)measure [?me??(r)] v.測量measuredat 331.6 meters in diameter.

Tips for Visitors

Want to visit the Stonehenge,Avebury and Associated Sites in England? Here are some tips to help you prepare for what is to expect:

The site is located in a far-out part of England.The closest town is Salisbury and the site itself is about 30 minutes away.Be prepared for a long drive.

For conservation purposes,tourists are not allowed to get too close to the monuments.A rope encloses the perimeter of the monuments in order to stop curious tourists.The closest you can get to the monuments is 15 feet.The restriction followed after studies show that the soil beneath the stones is of fragile nature.Hence,UNESCO and the conservationists at the site wanted to reduce activity around the surface.

Winter is considered the best time to visit.Also,as a bonus,the entrance is free during the winter and summer solstices.

詞組加油站

in particular 尤其；特別

巨石陣和埃夫伯里巨石遺跡位于英國威爾特郡，是世界上最負(fù)盛名的巨石陣。它們由巨石圍成圓圈，其排列方式對天文學(xué)的重要意義仍在探索之中。這個(gè)圣地和周圍的新石器時(shí)代遺址為研究史前時(shí)代提供了至關(guān)重要的證據(jù)。

概況

巨石陣、埃夫伯里和相關(guān)遺跡群是英國最具辨識度的旅游景點(diǎn)之一，也是聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，以其史前和考古價(jià)值而聞名。1986 年，它被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。

巨石陣、埃夫伯里和相關(guān)遺跡群是一組史前巨石古跡，被認(rèn)為是世界上同類古跡中最重要的一處。據(jù)考古專家稱，這些巨石可以追溯至公元前3700 年到公元前1600 年。這些巨石與新石器時(shí)代和青銅時(shí)代英國的葬禮和儀式有關(guān)。

巨石陣、埃夫伯里和相關(guān)遺跡群由兩個(gè)相距不到30 英里（約合48千米）的主要陸地區(qū)域組成。第一處遺址是著名的巨石陣，該世界遺產(chǎn)的第二個(gè)遺址則包括埃夫伯里和相關(guān)遺址。

為了更好地了解這些文化古跡及其遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值，我們有必要對其進(jìn)行仔細(xì)研究。

巨石陣及相關(guān)古跡

巨石陣是世界上最重要的巨石之一，也是英國文化和遺產(chǎn)的代表。它位于南威爾特郡，占地面積達(dá)26 平方千米。史前巨石陣是該世界遺產(chǎn)的主體，其所有權(quán)由英國國民信托組織、威爾特郡議會(huì)和英國遺產(chǎn)協(xié)會(huì)等不同組織機(jī)構(gòu)所有。

從建筑角度說，巨石陣的相關(guān)遺跡是史前時(shí)代最復(fù)雜的石圈代表，也是在英國發(fā)現(xiàn)的新石器時(shí)代和青銅時(shí)代遺跡最集中的地方。在該建筑群的中軸線上，有多座古墓和一條游行路線。事實(shí)上，一些專家斷言這些建筑的建造方式具有天文學(xué)的特征。

埃夫伯里及相關(guān)古跡

埃夫伯里的相關(guān)古跡可追溯至公元前2600 年。其重要性也與巨石陣內(nèi)的古跡相當(dāng)。尤其值得一提的是，該部分包括三個(gè)史前石圈（其中一個(gè)是世界上最大的石圈），主石圈直徑達(dá)331.6 米。

游客小貼士

如果你想?yún)⒂^英國的巨石陣、埃夫伯里和相關(guān)遺跡群，下面這些建議可以幫助你提前做好準(zhǔn)備：

該遺址位于英國的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。最近的城鎮(zhèn)是索爾茲伯里，距離遺址大約30 分鐘車程。要做好開長途車的準(zhǔn)備。

出于保護(hù)目的，游客不允許太靠近古跡。為了阻止好奇的游客進(jìn)入，古跡周圍圍了一圈繩子。離古跡最近的距離是15 英尺（約合4.6 米）。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，巨石下方的土壤極為脆弱，因此出臺(tái)了這一限制令。聯(lián)合國教科文組織和該遺址的保護(hù)人士希望減少地表周圍的活動(dòng)。

冬季被認(rèn)為是最佳的游覽時(shí)間。此外，若在冬至和夏至前往，則可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)入，以資獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。