堅定奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，高質量共建“一帶一路”

孫 章

(同濟大學老科技工作者協會會長，《城市軌道交通研究》主編)

習近平總書記在黨的二十大報告中指出：“中國堅持對外開放的基本國策，堅定奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，不斷以中國新發展為世界提供新機遇，推動建設開放型經濟，更好惠及各國人民。” “一帶一路”倡議提出十年來，其多元合作機制已吸引了更多的合作伙伴，取得了一系列新進展。

2022年9月，在烏茲別克斯坦撒馬爾罕舉行的上海合作組織峰會上，簽署了一項關于中國-吉爾吉斯斯坦-烏茲別克斯坦(CKU)鐵路項目的合作協議。中吉烏鐵路協議經過近20年的談判，在二十大召開前夕終于取得突破，因此備受期待。中國是吉爾吉斯斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦最大的貿易伙伴，中吉烏鐵路被視為歐亞大陸運輸網絡中的“南部”陸基路線，還能提供與巴基斯坦和阿富汗連接的潛在支線。

2022年11月1日發布的“中越聯合公報”中有多處提到了鐵路：雙方同意，積極推進兩國發展戰略對接，加快推動商簽兩國政府間推進共建“一帶一路”倡議和“兩廊一圈”框架對接合作規劃，開展產能合作，開展基礎設施建設與互聯互通合作，盡快完成老街-河內-海防標準軌鐵路規劃評審；推進跨境基礎設施建設，重點推動就老街(越南)-河口(中國)鐵路對接方案商談一致；為推動貨物進出口，提升兩國貿易額，雙方同意推動航空、陸路和鐵路運輸合作并為此創造便利條件，盡快商談修訂1992年簽署的《中越國境鐵路協定》；雙方支持兩國鐵路企業就提升越南貨物過境中國運量加強合作。由此可知，二十大剛閉幕，沿用了30年的《中越國境鐵路協定》即將升級換代。高鐵時代中越鐵路的互聯互通對于加強東南亞地區與歐亞大陸的經濟聯系意義重大。

2022年11月16日，正值在印尼巴厘島舉行G20峰會期間，中國國家主席習近平與印尼總統佐科通過視頻共同見證了雅萬高鐵的試運行。雅萬高鐵在測試期間的運行速度達到了281.4 km/h，這一速度為最高設計速度350 km/h的80.4%。

雅萬高鐵作為中國“一帶一路”倡議和印尼“全球海洋支點”構想對接的重大標志性項目，預計將于2023年6月正式投入運營。雅萬高鐵是東南亞第一條時速350 km的高速鐵路，也是中國高速鐵路先進技術——包括快速安全的最高商業運營速度的生動展示。

印尼佐科總統正在積極推進將雅萬高鐵延伸至東爪哇省的泗水，以改善整個爪哇島的連通性。因為爪哇島對印尼國內生產總值的貢獻率超過55%，延伸雅萬高鐵將使雅加達至泗水約800 km的陸路旅行時間從現在的十個多小時縮短至僅4 h。印尼交通部等政府有關部門當前正在認真研究雅加達至泗水高鐵項目的可行性。

2022年11月19日，中國國家主席習近平在曼谷總理府同泰國總理巴育舉行會談。習主席在會談時說，要加快中老泰三方鐵路合作，積極推進“中老泰聯通發展構想”，重點加強基礎設施“硬聯通”，做好物流通關“軟聯通”。巴育總理說，泰方愿積極落實《泰中戰略性合作共同行動計劃》和共建“一帶一路”合作規劃，加快泰中鐵路建設并與中老鐵路銜接，落實中老泰聯通發展構想。兩國領導人賦予“中泰一家親”以新的時代內涵，“一家親”與“一帶一路”密不可分。

中國西部陸海新通道今年已開通線路78條，創歷年新高。海鐵聯運將成為中國與東南亞國家間貿易的主要物流方式，雅萬高鐵與中老鐵路、中越鐵路為中國與區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定(RCEP)成員國之間開展經濟合作提供了巨大空間。

行文至此，筆者回想起在與同濟大學合并前的原上海鐵道大學，曾培養了不少來自越南的留學生，他們學成回國后許多人已成為鐵路通信信號領域的技術骨干。同濟大學有不少鐵路專家，可望在積極推動高質量共建“一帶一路”的新征程中，貢獻出自己的一份力量。

Commentary

FirmlyAdheretoMutuallyBeneficialStrategyofOpening-up,HighQualityJointContributionof′BeltandRoadInitiative′

SUNZhang

(Chairman of Tongji University Association of Senior Scientists and Technicians, Editor-in-chief of Urban Mass Transit)

In the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi pointed out: ′China is committed to its fundamental national policy of opening to the outside world and pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up.It strives to create new opportunities for the world with its own development and to contribute its share to building an open global economy that delivers greater benefits to all peoples′.In the ten years of Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), the diversified cooperation mechanism has been attracting more partners and making a series of new progress.

In September 2022, in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit held in Samarkand of Uzbekistan, a cooperation agreement of railway project of China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan(CKU)was signed.After nearly 20 years of negotiation, the CKU railway agreement has finally achieved breakthrough as the 20th National Congress of CPC was about to take place, drawing extensive expectation.China is the largest trade partner for Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.CKU railway is positioned as the ′southern′ land-based line of Eurasian Land transportation network, with the capacity of providing potential branch line to connect with Pakistan and Afghanistan.

In the Vietnam-China Joint Statement published on 1stNovember 2022, railway is mentioned multiple times: both sides agree to proactively advance the strategic alignment of two countries′ development, business visa, BRI joint contribution and ′two-corridor one-ring′ frame cooperation planning; carry out production capacity cooperation, infrastructure construction and interoperability cooperation and planning review of Laocai-Hanoi-Haiphong standard-gauge railway; advance cross-border infrastructure construction, focusing on settling the negotiation of Laocai(Vietnam)-Hekou(China)railway alignment scheme; to increase cargo import/export and trade amount of both countries, both sides agree to cooperate on air, land and railway transportation, to create conditions for convenience, and to negotiate about revision of Sino-Vietnamese Border Railway Agreement that was signed in 1992; both sides approve of railway enterprises strengthening cooperation in terms of improving amount of Vietnamese transit cargo through China.It is indicated that as the 20th National Congress just ended, the Sino-Vietnamese Border Railway Agreement in action for 30 years will be upgraded and iterated.The interoperability of China-Vietnam railway in high-speed railway era has significant meaning in strengthening economic connection of Southeast Asia and Eurasian Land.

On 16thNovember 2022, during the G20 summit on Bali Island of Indonesia, Chairman Xi of China and President Joko of Indonesia together witnessed the trial operation of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway on video.The Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway reached running speed of 281.4 km/h during test, which is 80.4% of the maximum design speed of 350 km/h.

As a key representative project of connecting China′s BRI and Indonesia′s ′global maritime nexus′, the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway will be officially launched in June 2023 according to estimation.It is the first high-speed railway with hourly speed of 350 km in Southeast Asia, as well as a demonstration of the advanced technologies of China′s high-speed railway—including the highest running speed in commercial operation that can ensure speed and safety.

President Joko of Indonesia is actively encouraging the extension of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway to Surabaya of East Java Province so that the connectivity of the whole Java Island can be improved.Java Island contributes over 55% of Indonesia′s GDP.Extending the line will shorten the originally over 10 hours of land travel of 800 km between Jakarta and Surabaya to only 4 hours.The government relevant departments such as Department of Transportation of Indonesia are seriously studying the feasibility of high-speed railway project from Jakarta to Surabaya.

On 19thNovember 2022, Chairman Xi of China and Prime Minister Prayuth of Thailand held talks in Office of the Prime Minister in Bangkok.Chairman Xi said that the railway cooperation among China, Laos and Thailand should speed up, to proactively advance ′China-Laos-Thailand Connectivity Development Corridor Outlook′, by emphatically strengthening the ′hard interconnection′ of infrastructure, as well as the ′soft interconnection′ of logistics custom clearance.Prime Minister Prayuth said that Thailand was ready to actively implement the ′Joint Action Plan on Thailand-China Strategic Cooperation′ and the cooperation plan on jointly promoting BRI, accelerating the construction of China-Thailand tailway and its connection with the China-Laos railway, realizing the China-Laos-Thailand Connectivity Development Corridor Outlook.Leaders of both countries are bestowing new era connotation to ′China-Thailand as close as one family′, and the ′as close as one family′ relationship is inseparable from BRI.

The New Western Land-Sea Corridor in China has started operation of 78 lines this year, making a new highest record of all the passing years.Sea-rail intermodal transportation will become the main trade logistics method between China and other southeast asian countries.Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, China-Laos railway, China-Vietnam railway have provided enormous space for China developing economic cooperation with Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)member countries.

At this point, author is reminded of the years of tutoring plenty of Vietnamese students before Shanghai Tiedao University having merged with Tongji University, many of whom have become the technological backbone in railway communication signaling field in their own country after study.The many railway experts in Tongji University are expected to proactively promote the high-quality joint contribution of BRI, serving their strength in the new journey.

TranslatedbyZHANGLiman