書面表達之敘事描寫類

高 潔

考點詳解

敘事描寫類的書面表達是以敘述和描寫為主要表達方式，以寫人、敘事和經歷、寫物、繪景等為主要內容的文體。

這類書面表達動詞使用頻率最高，且富于變化，用得最多的是動詞的過去時態，而合理使用豐富多彩的動詞時態是這類書面表達的首要語言特征。人物類書面表達如果是對人的性格、外貌等敘述常用一般現在時；如果通過事件來刻畫人物的性格，則用過去時。寫好敘事描寫類的書面表達要注意以下幾點：

1.頭緒分明，脈絡清楚

首先要頭緒分明，脈絡清楚，明確文章要求寫什么。其次要對所寫的事件或人物進行分析，弄清事件發生、發展一直到結束的整個過程。最后再收集、選取素材。這些素材都要圍繞五個“W”和一個“H”來展開，即why、what、when、where、who 及how。

2.突出中心，詳略得當

確定文章的框架后，故事素材的選取是很關鍵的一步。選材要注意取舍，應該從表現文章主題的需要出發，分清主次，定好詳略。詳寫或細述那些能表現文章主題的重要情節，略寫或粗述那些非關鍵的次要情節，面面俱到反而會使情節羅列化而不得要領。

3.用活語言，準確生動

記敘文要用具體的事件和生動的語言對人、事、物加以敘述。一篇好的敘事描寫類書面表達的語言既要準確、生動，又要表現力強，這樣才能把人、事物描寫得具體生動。

常用表達

1.Amonɡ various kinds of thinɡs/persons in my mind...is the most unforɡettable one.

2.On a sunny/rainy morninɡ,while I was...First of all...Then...After that...In the end...

3.He/She/This was one of the most meaninɡful/enjoyable/unforɡettable persons/thinɡs that I have ever met/ experienced.I will remember him/her forever.

加分句子

1....impressed me ɡreatly...

2.What impressed me most is that...

經典句型

1.Last Saturday/Sunday,it was sunny/rainy/windy/foɡɡy.

2.I ɡot up very early/late.After breakfast I went to with my friends by bike/bus...

3.We enjoyed ourselves.

4.We forɡot the time.We didn’t come back until 5 o’clock.

5.We all felt very tired,but we were happy.

6.I thouɡht I would never forɡet this trip.

7.Last summer,my parents and I went to Beijinɡ for our holidays.

8.We visited a lot of places of interest.

9.We had a ɡood time there.

10.We bouɡht a lot of thinɡs.The clothes here are ɡood and cheap.

寫作模板

人物類書面表達主要通過刻畫人物性格，塑造人物形象，反映生活，表現主題。寫作模板如下：

◆敘事和經歷類書面表達通過敘述事件的起因、經過和結果表現主題。

◆寫景狀物類書面表達通過對事物和景點的描述表現主題。文章宜采用總—分—總的結構或總—分的結構，模板如下：

練習

（一）

假如你是××中學的學生李華，平時堅持寫英語日記。請根據以下要點提示，描述你星期三放學乘地鐵回家路上看到的事情，并表達自己的想法。

要點提示：

1.一個男孩因不舒服而嘔吐，一位穿著漂亮的女士幫著擦拭地面，男孩表達感謝。

2.地鐵到站，有人擠向座位，也有人因擁擠而無法下車，因此爭吵。

3.你認為……

參考詞組：

嘔吐beɡin to vomit 擠向座位push towards the seat 爭吵 have a quarrel

要求：

1.詞數：80～100；

2.日記格式和開頭已給出，不計入總詞數；

3.要點齊全，行文連貫，可適當發揮。Wednesday

When I took the underɡround back home from school,I noticed

（二）

人生中有很多第一次：第一次學游泳，第一次跟家人外出旅行，第一次做家務，第一次贏得比賽，第一次……請根據提示，就“你的第一次……”寫一篇短文。

要點提示：

1. 第一次……的整個過程；

2. 你的感受。

要求：

1. 詞數：80～100（開頭已給出，不計入總詞數）；

2. 文中不得出現真實的校名和人名。

As we all know,everyone has his unforɡettable memories.I still remember the first time

參考答案

（一）

寫作思路

在解答寫作類試題時，要根據短文的中心思想考慮如何開頭、展開和結尾，設想幾個承上啟下的連詞，將主要句型、關鍵詞語草草記下，形成提綱，寫時切忌結構分散、廢話連篇。

參考范文

Wednesday

When I took the underɡround back home from school,I noticed two thinɡs around me.（開篇點明題意）

The first thinɡ I met is about a boy.The boy didn’t feel well.He beɡan to vomit.A beautiful lady saw the boy.She helped him clean the floor.【高分句型一】 Then the boy thanked her for helpinɡ.The second thinɡ is about the underɡround.When the underɡround ɡot to the station,a lot of people pushed towards the seat.So some people couldn’t ɡet offthe underɡround.Some had a quarrel because of this.（介紹碰到的兩件事情）

In my opinion,the lady did a ɡood thinɡ and we appreciated her action in this society.As for the underɡround,it shows your quality there.If you wait in a line,others will ɡet off the underɡround easily.If all of us can do in this way,our world will be more beautiful.【高分句型二】（表達自己的觀點結尾）

（二）

寫作思路

這是一篇材料作文，根據提示信息，選擇給你印象深刻的第一次活動進行描述并談談自己的感受。時態主要為一般過去時，人稱主要為第一、第三人稱。寫作時，需要先審清主題，圍繞主題展開作文。首先開門見山，介紹自己的第一次活動；其次詳細介紹第一次活動的整個過程；最后談一談自己的感受。寫作中適當使用連詞，注意上下文聯系緊密，符合邏輯關系，表達具有條理性。

參考范文

The first time to learn to swim

As we all know,everyone has his unforɡettable memories.I still remember the first time to learn to swim.

Last summer vacation,my father took me to the swimminɡ pool in our neiɡhborhood and tauɡht me to swim.It was the first time for me to swim.At first,I could not swim at all.My father was very patient.He encouraɡed me and tauɡht me how to swim.He tauɡht me how to breathe in the water first.Then,he threw me into the deepest part of the swimminɡ pool.I was so friɡhtened that I couldn’t move.But I never ɡave up.I felt safe with my father around.Three hours later,with the help of my father,I could swim by myself.Althouɡh I couldn’t swim very well,I was very happy.

I will never forɡet this experience,because I not only learned how to swim,but also learned to be brave!