不同藜麥品種在東鄉(xiāng)半干旱區(qū)的適應性表現(xiàn)

黃杰 劉文瑜 楊發(fā)榮 魏玉明 楊釗 秦春林

摘要：為探明不同藜麥品種在東鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)的適應性與豐產(chǎn)性表現(xiàn)，以期篩選出適合東鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)種植推廣的藜麥品種，對引進和自育的14個藜麥品種在東鄉(xiāng)不同生態(tài)區(qū)進行了適應性試驗，結(jié)果表明，在老莊村試點，品種隴藜1號（CK）表現(xiàn)出良好的抗倒伏性與豐產(chǎn)性，隴藜5號表現(xiàn)出良好的抗倒伏性與較好的豐產(chǎn)性;在米家村試點和南陽洼村試點，隴藜5號均表現(xiàn)出良好的抗倒伏性與豐產(chǎn)性。隴藜5號表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的早熟特性，籽粒品相也優(yōu)于隴藜1號。綜合評價認為，隴藜5號在東鄉(xiāng)半干旱地區(qū)具有更高的推廣價值。

關(guān)鍵詞：藜麥;全生育期;抗倒性;產(chǎn)量;半干旱區(qū)

中圖分類號：S512.9? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼：A? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號：1001-1463（2022）06-0046-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.06.011

Adaptability of Different Quinoa Varieties in Dongxiang Semi-arid Area

HUANG Jie 1， 2， LIU Wenyu 1， 2， YANG Farong 1， 2， WEI Yuming 1， 2， YANG Zhao 3， QIN Chunlin 4

（1. Institute of Animal Husbandry， Pasture and Green Agriculture， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070，China; 2. Gansu Quinoa Breeding and Cultivation Technology and Comprehensive Development Engineering Research Centre， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 3. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 4. Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract： In order to explore the adaptability and high yield potential of different quinoa varieties in Dongxiang area so that quinoa varieties suitable for Dongxiang could be selected for further promotion， 14 quinoa varieties/materials， introduced or self-bred， were used to conduct adaptability trial in different ecological areas of Dongxiang County. Results showed that Longli No.1 showed good lodging resistance and high yield potential at trial site Laozhuang followed by Longli No. 5. At other two sites Mijia and Nanyangwa village， Longli No. 5 showed good lodging resistance and high yield potentialas well. Longli No. 5 showed early maturity characteristics and its grain appearance was better compared with that of the Longli No. 1. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that Longli No. 5 showed higher potential in the promotion of quinoain semi-arid area of Dongxiang.

Key words： Quinoa（Chenopodium quinoa）; Whole growth period; Lodging resistance; Yield; Semi-arid region

藜麥（Chenopodium quinoa）是莧科藜亞科藜屬一年生自花授粉植物[1 - 2 ]，起源于南美洲安第斯山脈的秘魯、玻利維亞和厄瓜多爾，距今已有7 000多年的種植歷史[3 - 4 ]。藜麥籽粒蛋白質(zhì)含量達17%～22%，并富含9種人體必需氨基酸及礦物質(zhì)、維生素等多種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)[5 - 8 ]，被聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織（FAO）定義為“唯一一種可滿足人體基本營養(yǎng)需求的單體植物”[9 - 10 ]，目前在甘肅、青海、寧夏等地均有種植，且種植面積逐年增加[10 - 11 ]。

東鄉(xiāng)縣位于甘肅省中部西南面，地處黃土高原邊緣地帶，平均海拔2 610 m;平均年降水量為350 mm，蒸發(fā)量1 387 mm，屬于半干旱地區(qū)，耕地面積的87.3%為旱地[12 ]。藜麥具有耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄等生物學特性[10， 13 ]，東鄉(xiāng)縣氣候涼爽，且高海拔環(huán)境更適宜于其生長。截至2021年底，全縣藜麥種植面積達到1 066.7 hm2，藜麥已成為東鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)人民脫貧致富的主要產(chǎn)業(yè)。……