經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的寫作技巧之語(yǔ)氣篇

朱葉飛

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人往往在語(yǔ)氣助詞的使用上，非常的靈活，多種語(yǔ)氣混合使用。以下例子將分析經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人在語(yǔ)氣方面的各項(xiàng)使用。

一、段落內(nèi)與陳述性語(yǔ)氣做強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比

THE summer holidays have just begun， but it is a busy morning at Cadoxton Primary School， in Barry， an industrial town in Wales. It runs a summer programme for hard-up 【adj.〈口〉缺少；急需網(wǎng)絡(luò)手頭緊；經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)；經(jīng)濟(jì)困難】children， providing meals and activities over the holidays. As youngsters run laughing and screaming into the school cafeteria for breakfast， their parents saunter【美：['sntr]英：['s：nt（r）]v.悠閑地走；漫步；閑逛n.閑蕩；混日子】 out， some visibly relieved. Just three days into the six-week school holidays one beleaguered【飽受批評(píng)的；處于困境的；受到圍困（或圍攻）的】 mother says her nine-year-old daughter has already asked five times to go bowling. Without the schools help， she says， “it would be a long and expensive six weeks”.

【Summertime blues Long summer holidays are bad for children， especially the poor

Many parents also find them a struggle? Aug 9th 2018| BARRY】

前半段幾乎都是陳述性語(yǔ)氣，最后一句變成了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形成和事實(shí)的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比。

二、并列加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣

Even when people die in a hurricane， a car accident or a war， we tend to view it as a technical failure that could and should have been prevented. If the government had only adopted a better policy; if the municipality had done its job properly; and if the military commander had taken a wiser decision， death would have been avoided.

【Homo Deus： A Brief History of Tomorrow？Hardcover – Illustrated， February 21， 2017】

三、句子內(nèi)與陳述性語(yǔ)氣混合使用， 并使用倒裝

A promise to bring such a revolution to the way we travel might have been met with scepticism had it not come from a company that has been at the forefront of other big changes.

【Nov 5th 2016， By A.W.|WASHINGTON，DC

A new way to overtake

Uber plans for the arrival of flying cars】

譯文：UBER一直矗在科技大變化的前沿陣地，如果不是這樣一家公司給出的展望，我們也許會(huì)懷疑我們出行的方式是否真的會(huì)有革新到來(lái)。

a company that has..是陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)閡ber確實(shí)一直處于科技大變化的前沿陣地。剩下不僅運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，還結(jié)合了倒樁的從句.

四、句子內(nèi)與語(yǔ)氣助詞表示推測(cè)的用法和陳述性語(yǔ)氣一起混合使用。

“How does it feel？” I ask， as she opens her page on the Guardian Soulmates website （which shows that， to date， 1，305 people have viewed her and 356 people liked her）.

“It feels pragmatic， and sad. Im admitting， ‘Im lonely， and I want to have a family， and theres a kind of shame in that.”

She takes me through the profiles of men who have recently joined the site， most with cheeky-chappy nick-names： Curbychup， FoodieGeoff， LieutenantGrey. She shows me how shes built her own profile， presenting herself as a happy-go-lucky woman whos well read and widely travelled. “Theres a loneliness in having to present yourself in a certain way， definitely. The distance between the image I give and the reality is getting wider and wider. But if I were to write the truth – that Im lonely and worried I might not have a family – it would be just the most off-putting（令人煩惱的；令人討厭的） thing.”

對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬

IN SOLITUDE WHAT HAPPINESS？《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人 1843》

標(biāo)紅的地方，就是對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。

1.? 要寫下事實(shí) 應(yīng)該表述為：

I am to write...但是，句子開(kāi)頭是用if引導(dǎo)，那就表明是非事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)退格：

am to 退格成 were to

2. 主句，“它將是”，如果真的將是，可能性非常大，應(yīng)該表述為：

it will be ...

現(xiàn)在壓根不會(huì)寫出來(lái)，這種可能根本不會(huì)發(fā)生，是非事實(shí)

所以will退格成would。就這樣，完成了對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，比用陳述語(yǔ)氣，感情上強(qiáng)烈的多。