淺談完型填空解題微技能

徐曉麗

完形填空是既考查詞語搭配、同義詞辨異、動詞時態、句型結構、復合句的關聯和習慣用法，又考查考生閱讀能力、邏輯推理以及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題型。如何掌握一定技巧，提高完形填空解題能力呢？

一、借助詞匯復現

詞匯復現是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語篇中重復出現。

1. 原詞復現

例1： At this time， a ___ comes to them. When the tall man sees the bear， he is so afraid.

A. lion B. tiger

C. bear D. zebra

[解析]本題選擇C，后面出現了原詞the bear，是一種原詞復現。

2. 同義詞復現

例2： Kevin often makes ____ plans on the computer. And now he’s searching for information about the trip to America.

A. study B. travel

C. work D. food

[解析]句子中提到trip，答案為B.travel。兩者屬于同義復現。

3. 反義詞復現

例3： Cindy knows it’s good to wash her hands before meals. But she usually thinks of it ____ her meal is over.

A. because B. so

C. before D. after

[解析]飯前洗手是好的，但是Cindy總是在飯后才想起來。這里before對應after，屬于反義復現。

4. 上下義詞復現

上下義是指詞的總稱和分解關系。

例4： Grace asks her mother， “Mom， have we got any drinks at home？” Her mother opens the fridge and answers， “Yes， we’ve got some ____.”

A. apples B. rice

C. carrots D. milk

[解析]選項中只有milk屬于drink，milk是drink的下義詞。

5. 詞語解釋

例5： Our teachers often say， “we can learn a lot of ____ from books. For example， to help other people， to be a nice man... All of them are very important in our life.”

A. jobs B. stories

C. studies D. lessons

[解析]我們可從書中學到什么呢？help other people， be a nice man是lessons。通過解釋說明的方式來重現。

二、借助詞匯同現

指的是某些語義相關的詞語在語篇中同時出現。

例6： We are in the bookshop now. Every child can ____ a book and take it home.

A. draw B. say

C. send D. choose

[解析]四個選項中，choose和書店的關聯性最強。

三、借助邏輯關系

根據上下文邏輯關系推斷答案，包括因果、并列、轉折關系等。

例7： The man is so afraid ____ he has no good idea.

A. because B. so

C. and D. but

[解析]他很害怕和想不出辦法，兩者是一種轉折關系，答案選D。

四、借助生活常識

根據生活常識得出答案。

例8： On Spring Festival eve， we usually have a ___ family dinner. We eat jiaozi and fish.

A. traditional B. healthy

C. beautiful D. happy

[解析]春節是中國的一個傳統節日，而餃子和魚肉是年夜飯傳統食品，答案是A。

五、借助固定搭配

主要指動詞與介詞的搭配、動賓搭配以及句式搭配。

例9： My grandfather takes a walk after dinner every day. He thinks it’s good ____ his health.

A. at B. with

C. for D. by

[解析]固定搭配“對……有好處”是be good for，選C。

結束語

掌握完形填空解題微技能，把語言知識融進具體的語言情境中去，通過上下文對整體文意進行把握，是解題的關鍵。