尋訪山間清泉

郭蓓蓓

“濟南山水甲齊魯，泉甲天下。”世上擁有泉水的城市不在少數，唯濟南以“泉城”之譽獨步天下，究其因，泉眼之豐為首位。濟南市城鄉水務局于2020—2021年開展全市普查，共普查到泉水1209處，經專家論證名泉950處，“千泉之城”名副其實。其中，位于濟南東南部的萊蕪區、鋼城區便有名泉102處。

與濟南市區涌泉匯湖的壯觀不同，萊蕪區、鋼城區的泉是點綴山間的寶玉。正值雨水充沛的夏日，若想短時間內遍覽這里的泉景，并非易事。它們大多隱匿于泰山余脈和徂徠山余脈的靈秀山間，需跋山涉水方能尋得，也因此，這淙淙清泉往往遺世獨立卻又別有一番風情。

上升泉打水泉與下降泉北泉隔河相望，世所罕見；響泉從崖壁瀉下，一泉終匯成河；“井水不犯河水”的引鹿泉，獨自清澈靈動；長壽泉一股水脈兩個泉眼，滋養著當地百姓……特殊的地理環境，造就了這里眾多特色鮮明的泉。又諸如呂祖泉、馬杓灣泉、卞家泉、文姜泉、舜泉、歷泉等歷史名泉，至今出涌旺盛，泉景頗佳。

這里的一山一水都是有故事的，靜靜安坐在夏日的風里，便可聆聽泉水往事。孝母泉為“李逵殺虎”的故事提供了切實的“發源地”；從峭壁底部流出的文姜泉，講述著齊孝婦顏文姜的故事；西流泉旁的《牛道碑》，記錄著一段因泉水之爭而立碑移風易俗的故事；圣水泉成就了當地“藥王”李長庚的傳奇故事……萊蕪區、鋼城區有不少名泉伴有生動而雋永的傳說故事，也留下了不少遺跡，為一眼眼泉水披上了神秘的色彩，注入了生命力。

泉水清醇甘冽，造就了當地人善良厚道的性格，孕育了淳樸俠義的民風，也滋潤了田園生活的樸實與安寧。在萊蕪區、鋼城區，許多鄉村因泉而生，也因泉而興。無論是海拔六七百米的逯家嶺村，還是森林生態之地馬杓灣村，這青山綠水間的名泉、古樹、老院子，都成為許多人向往的“詩和遠方”。

Search for Clear Mountain Springs

Many cities have springs， but only Jinan stands out， because Jinan ranks first worldwide in terms of the number of springs， the urban springs， and the spectacular gushes of water. In Jinan， there are a total of 1，209 springs， 950 of them famous. It was the total number of springs announced by Jinan for the first time after its march into a “City of 1，000 Springs”. Among them， there are 102 famous springs in Laiwu District and Gangcheng District， southeastern Jinan.

The terrain of Laiwu and Gangcheng is dominated by basins， and the springs there come from the local mountains， which do not belong to the same water system with the springs in downtown Jinan， but are independent small units. Hidden in beautiful mountains， the springs of Laiwu and Gangcheng appear isolated yet glamorous. This summer， the rainfall is abundant. It is the best season to appreciate and visit springs here.

The formation of the springs in Jinan is associated with the unique geological structure and geographical environment of the city. Laiwu and Gangcheng are situated in the extensions of Mount Tai and Mount Culai. Due to the particular geographical conditions， numerous distinctive springs have been formed， e.g. the Lyuzu Spring， the Mashaowan Spring， the Bianjia Spring， the Wenjiang Spring， the Shun Spring， and the Li Spring， which are all time-honored springs， and still have considerable gushes of water and fine spring views.

Besides， many famous springs in Laiwu and Gangcheng are accompanied by vivid and meaningful folktales. The Wenjiang Spring in Beiquan Village， Qi Mountain National Forest Park， is famous for the story of Yan Wenjiang， an obedient woman of Qi； by the Xiliu Spring in Gaoyu Village， Aishan Sub-district， there stands the Niudao （Cattle Track） Monument， which records a story about setting up a monument to improve the folk custom after the conflicts of spring water； the Shengshui Spring in Nanyu Village， Miaoshan Town， is connected with the legendary story of Li Changgeng， known as “King of Medicine” to the natives.