蔡劍媚
一、“七選五”的命題特點
高考“七選五”是要求考生閱讀短文,從短文后的七個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。空白處常常設置在段首、段中和段尾,主要考查考生的思維能力、歸納概括能力以及演繹推理能力。
根據近三年的高考英語全國Ⅰ卷的“七選五”試題的設題規律,我們發現空白處的設置大部分是出現在段中,個別題設在段首和段末。如下表:
從試題的設題角度上看,“承上啟下”是主要特征,所填的選項考查的要么是承接上文,要么是開啟下文,要么就是既有承接上文又有開啟下文的作用。因此,我們解題時要注意“瞻前顧后”,即要理解空白前后文的內容。
二、“七選五”的解題策略
1. 段首句和段末句,考查總結歸納能力
首先,段首句是在一個文段的開頭,是一個主旨句,概述了本段的主旨大意,因此具有“啟下”的作用。這考查了考生的總結歸納的能力。
[例1](2020年全國Ⅰ卷)
●____37____Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
解析:由下文“不要追隨那些讓你覺得自己不夠好的人。你是否希望你最終感到有力量是因為你的生活比他們的好?要知道,你的生活是你自己的;你是這個世界上獨一無二的人。”可知,這段主要講不要拿自己與他人比較。因此,選項F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止拿自己和別人比較)可以作為本段的主旨句,故選F項。
[例2](2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷)
...they eat great food and never gain weight. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy...
39? ? ?On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
解析:這個文段描寫作者夫妻去采購食物,買了草莓。從段落的最后兩句“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都認為這是我們吃過的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!……