摘要:系統總結了40多年來東北地區旱地農業研究取得的進展,分析了當前東北地區旱地農業面臨的問題,揭示了影響東北地區旱地農業生產的氣候變化、水分供需、農田侵蝕和面源污染規律,重新制定了東北地區耕作制度區劃,突破了一系列旱地農業生產關鍵技術,形成了多套適合東北不同區域的旱地農業綜合技術模式,明確提出了現階段東北旱地農業所面臨的挑戰,并指出了未來東北旱地農業的發展對策。
關鍵詞:旱地農業;耕作制度;種植制度;養地制度;水肥利用;糧食安全
中圖分類號:S-01" " " " " " 文獻標志碼:A" " " " " " 文章編號:2097-2172(2022)01-0004-08
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2022.01.002
Research Progress and Development Countermeasures
on Dryland Agriculture in Northesten China
SUN Zhanxiang
(Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang Liaoning 110000, China)
Abstract: This paper comprehensively reviewed the research progress on dryland agriculture in northeastern China, analyzed the issues faced by the dryland agriculture in northeastern China and revealed the pattern of climate change, water supply and demand, farmland erosion and non-point source pollution affecting the dryland agriculture in northeastern China, therefore cropping system regionalization was redesigned, numbers of breakthroughs were made on key technical problemsin dryland agriculture producion, and several integrated technology modes for dryland agriculture in different part of northeastern China were formed. Challenges forthe current development of dryland agriculture in northeastern China were put forward and countermeasures were provided.
Key words: Dryland agriculture; Croppingsystem; Planting system; Soil-nourishing system; Waterand fertilizer utilization; Food security
我國是世界上嚴重干旱缺水的國家之一,干旱、半干旱面積和沒有灌溉條件的旱地耕地面積均超過國土面積和全國耕地面積的1/2[1 ]。旱地農業是指在降水入不敷出地區主要依靠和充分利用自然降水及有限灌溉水源進行的農業生產,是雨養農業和補充灌溉農業兩種基本生產活動類型的總稱,包括了種植業、畜牧業、林果業,以及其他農業生產和經營行業[2 ]。旱地農業是全球主要的農業生產方式,占耕地面積的81%。其本質是提高降水利用率和農業水資源利用效率,同時也是我國最主要的農業生產方式之一[3 - 4 ]。
40多年來,遼寧省農業科學院組織全國優勢科技力量,連續承擔了國家“八五”—“十四五”科學技術部、農業農村部等部門下達的旱地農業研究項目(或課題),系統開展了東北地區旱地農業理論與技術研究,制定了……