Teaching goldfish to drive robotic car以色列科學家訓練金魚駕駛汽車

于玲

科學的進步讓曾經被認為不可能的事情變成了現實，以色列科學家訓練的金魚竟能控制車輛的運動方向！

1 Israeli researchers said they had successfully taught a goldfish to drive a small robotic car. The team said the fish showed its ability to navigate toward a target in order to receive a food reward.

2 For the experiment， the researchers built what they called a Fish Operated Vehicle （FOV）. The main part of the vehicle was a fish tank attached to a moving machine with four motorized wheels. Attached to the top was a system used to follow all movements of the fish and vehicle. The system was operated by lidar （激光雷達）.

3 When the system observed that the fish was up against the side of the glass while facing forward， it would move the vehicle forward in that direction. The researchers said that over time， the fish learned that putting itself in these positions would move the FOV in those directions. In this way， the fish was able to drive the vehicle.

4 Researcher Shachar Givon said it was surprising how quickly the fish learned to drive the vehicle. “They re confused at first—they don t know what s going on，” he said. “But they re very quick to realize that there is a correlation between their movement and the movement of the machine that they re in.”

5 The team used six different goldfish in the study. They said the fish were able to navigate to the target even if something happened to temporarily take them off the path. And， they said， the fish were not fooled by false targets placed by the team.

6 Researcher Ronen Segev said some of the fish proved to be“excellent” drivers. Others， he said， showed that while they could control the vehicle， they were not very good at driving it.

7 He also said， “We humans think of ourselves as very special. And many think of fish as primitive， but this is not correct.” He added that there are many other“very important and very smart creatures”.

Choose the best answers according to the text

Detail 1. What can we know about the FOV？

A. It s controlled by a goldfish.

B. It has four wheels.

C. It has no drivers.

D. It runs fast.

Detail 2. How did the fish feel when learning to drive the vehicle in the be

ginning？

A. Puzzled.

B. Excited.

C. Surprised.

D. Encouraged.

Detail 3. What happened to the fish when they met with false targets？

A. They were led to the wrong direction.

B. They didn t get food rewards.

C. They were always on the path.

D. They didn t get confused.

Inference 4. Which of the following statements would Ronen Segev agree with？

A. The fish can also live on the land.

B. All the fish are good at driving the vehicle.

C. Some creatures are smarter than expected.

D. Fish s navigation skills are better than humans.

Ⅰ. Analyze the difficult sentence in the text

When the system observed that the fish was up against the side of the glass while facing forward， it would move the vehicle forward in that direction. 當系統觀察到魚面朝前，靠在玻璃的一側時，它會將車輛朝那個方向向前移動。

【點石成金】本句是一個主從復合句。句中，When引導時間狀語從句;that the fish was up against the side of the glass是賓語從句，作動詞observed的賓語;while facing

forward是省略了主語與系動詞的時間狀語從句。

Ⅱ. Memorize some text？鄄centered chunks

in order to 為了

be attached to 附屬于;附著于

in this way 這樣

even if 即使;盡管;縱然

be good at 擅長;善于