智能服裝的未來

文/瑪麗亞·特明 譯/姚剛 黃智婕

New materials and devices could make clothes safer, comfier and more convenient.新的材料和設計能讓服裝更安全、更舒適，也更便利。

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Our clothes do a lot for us.They keep us warm in the winter or cool while we’re working out.They let us dress to impress or comfortably veg out2veg out休息；放松。on the couch.But some researchers think our clothes could be doing even more.Those scientists and engineers are dreaming up new ways to make clothes safer, comfier or just more convenient.

服裝有很多功用：冬日助我們御寒，鍛煉時使我們感覺清爽；服裝可以讓我們給人留下深刻印象，也讓人窩在沙發上打發時間時感覺舒適。然而一些研究者認為，服裝的功用遠不止這些。這些研究者和工程設計人員正在探索新的設計，以使服裝更安全、更舒適，或僅僅是更便利。

2一些新式服裝的設計旨在讓人們免受傷害。比如，一種采用新式設計的鞋子，鞋底上的防滑鞋釘可以緊緊抓住地面。這可以讓人們在光滑或者不平坦的地面上站穩。同時，還有一種新式的織物涂層，能夠吸收和中和某些化學武器。這種涂層是一種金屬-有機骨架化合物材料，能阻滯和分解有害的化合物，給飽受戰亂之苦的人們提供一種輕質的護盾。

2Some ideas for new apparel aim to protect people from harm.One new shoe design, for example, features popout spikes3spikes（某些運動鞋上的）防滑鞋釘。on the sole that grip the ground.This could help people keep their footing4footing站穩。on slippery or uneven terrain.A new fabric coating5coating涂層。, meanwhile, could absorb and neutralize some chemical weapons.That coating is made from a metal-organic framework6金屬-有機骨架化合物（MOFs）是分子配位化學與無機材料科學兩個領域交叉產生的一種新型晶態多孔材料，由無機金屬中心（金屬離子或金屬簇）與橋連的有機配體通過自組裝相互連接形成。that snags and breaks down harmful compounds.It could offer a lightweight shield to people in war-torn countries.

3Not all advanced attire is designed to save lives.Some could just make clothes more comfortable.One day, for instance, you may not need to layer up to stay warm.Fabric embedded with nanowires7nanowire納米導線。could reflect your body heat back onto your skin.Electric current humming through those metal threads could provide warmth, too.This may be especially useful for hikers, soldiers or others working in super cold conditions.

3采用先進設計理念的服裝并非都是為了挽救生命。有些可能就是為了讓人們穿起來更加舒適。比如，有朝一日，你可能無須層層加衣來御寒。嵌入了納米導線的織物能把身體散發的熱量反射回皮膚。這些金屬線里穿梭的電流也能保暖。這項設計對遠足者、士兵或者在極寒條件下作業的人尤為適用。

4On the flip side, another new fabric traps very little body heat.Tiny pores in this material are just the right size to block visible light waves—so the material isn’t see-through—but let infrared waves pass through.Those waves carry heat away from your body to keep you cool.

4還有另外一種設計理念相反的織物，它幾乎不吸收身體所散發的熱量。這種織物上有微孔，其大小恰好能阻擋可見光波——所以該材料是不透光的——但卻能讓紅外線穿過。紅外線能帶走身體的熱量，從而使人感到涼爽。

5一些研究者已經構想出了服裝的全新用途。比如讓服裝的穿戴者成為移動的電源終端。縫制在織物中的柔性太陽能電池板可以吸收并轉化太陽能，為手機或其他移動設備充電。有些類型的織物可以直接從穿戴者的運動中獲取能量。例如，摩擦電材料在彎曲或者變形時就可以發電。（這種材料不同部分之間的摩擦會產生電荷，和用頭發摩擦氣球產生的效果一樣。）壓電材料在受到擠壓或發生扭曲時會產生電荷，也可以用于制作服裝。

5Some researchers have dreamt up wholly new uses for clothing—like turning wearers into walking power outlets.Flexible solar panels sewn into fabric could soak up the sun to recharge phones or other devices on the go.And some types of fabric could harvest energy directly from a wearer’s motion.Triboelectric materials8摩擦電材料，指出現摩擦起電現象的一類功能材料。, for example,can generate electricity when bent or flexed.(Friction between different parts of the material builds up charge, like rubbing your hair against a balloon.)Piezoelectric materials9壓電材料，指受到壓力作用時會在兩端面間出現電壓的晶體材料。, which produce charge when squeezed or twisted, could be fashioned into outfits, too.

6While some fabrics help charge devices, others could serve as devices themselves.In one recent experiment,researchers stitched conductive thread into a t-shirt.This turned the shirt into an antenna that could send signals to a smartphone.Another team threaded fabric with magnetized copper and silver to write data into fabrics.Such datapacked fabric could be used as a handsfree10hands-free（設備）無須用手操作的。key or form of ID.

6有些織物可以給設備充電，而有些織物本身就可以作為設備使用。在最近的一項實驗中，研究者們將導線縫入一件T恤衫，使這件T恤衫變成了可以向智能手機發送信號的天線。另外一個研究小組將磁化的銅絲和銀絲穿在織物中，使織物可以寫入數據。這種載有數據的織物可以用作無接觸鑰匙，也可用于身份識別。

7Many of these ideas have not yet left the lab—and they’re still pretty far from hitting retail racks.But inventors hope these and other innovations could someday let you get more from your wardrobe.■

7目前，智能服裝的諸多設計理念仍處于實驗階段。這樣的服裝距離上架零售還相當遙遠。但發明者們希望有朝一日，這些以及其他與服裝有關的創意能讓人們通過穿衣享受更多便利。 □