天路
——西藏非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)博物館 西藏拉薩市慈覺林片區(qū)

業(yè)主：西藏自治區(qū)拉薩市政府/深圳市政府/萬科集團(tuán)

規(guī)劃及建筑設(shè)計(jì)：深圳華匯設(shè)計(jì)有限公司

主創(chuàng)建筑師：肖誠(chéng)

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：廖國(guó)威，朱琳，梁子毅，梁鑒源，徐牧，湛吉高，楊晶，李燕玲

占地面積：40,000平方米

建筑面積：8,000平方米

設(shè)計(jì)/建成時(shí)間：2016年/2018年

建筑類型：文化博物館

結(jié)構(gòu)形式：鋼結(jié)構(gòu)+鋼筋混凝土+局部石砌

施工圖設(shè)計(jì)：中國(guó)建筑西南設(shè)計(jì)研究院

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：朱育帆工作室

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：深圳共和設(shè)計(jì)

攝影：姚力

Client:Lhasa municipal government of Tibet Autonomous Region/ Shenzhen Municipal Government/ Vanke Group

Planning and Architecture Design:Shenzhen Huahui Design

Principal Architect:Xiao Cheng

Project Team:Liao Guowei,Zhu Lin,Liang Ziyi,Liang Jianyuan,Xu Mu,Zhan Jigao,Yang Jing,Li Yanling

Area:40,000m2

Total construction area:8,000m2

Design/Completion time:2016/2018

Building Type:Culture,Museum

Structure and Material:Reinforced concrete structure,Local masonry,Steel structure

LDI:CSCEC

Landscape Design:Atelier Zhu Yufan

Interior Design:Gonghe Design

Photography:Yao Li

項(xiàng)目位于海拔近4000m 的拉薩城南，北望布達(dá)拉宮，南靠寶瓶山，地勢(shì)自南向北平緩降低，建成之后從整個(gè)拉薩河谷和布達(dá)拉宮都可以清晰地看到它。整個(gè)項(xiàng)目由建筑面積約8000 平方米的博物館和40000 平方米的博覽園兩個(gè)部分組成，非遺博物館是主體建筑，內(nèi)設(shè)立展廳、庭院、劇場(chǎng)、辦公、天臺(tái)、瞭望廳等功能空間。

The project is located in the south of Lhasa,with an elevation of nearly 4000m,looking at the Potala Palace in the north and lying back against the Potala Mountain in the south.The terrain drops gently from south to north,and can be clearly seen from the whole Lhasa Valley and the Potala Palace.The whole project consists of a museum with a floor area of about 6,800 square meters and an exhibition garden with a floor area of 40,000 square meters.The intangible cultural Heritage Museum is the main building,with exhibition halls,courtyards,theaters,offices,rooftop,observation halls and other functional spaces.

為了更好地表現(xiàn)西藏非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)以藏地特有的空間概念——“天路”為原點(diǎn)：進(jìn)入博物館、園林的路徑，既是體驗(yàn)自然環(huán)境的天路，又是感受建筑空間、遺產(chǎn)寶藏、民族文化的人路，更是通過轉(zhuǎn)折攀升、明暗交替的空間體驗(yàn)，最終達(dá)至澄澈空靈之境、對(duì)望布達(dá)拉宮的心路。

In order to better exhibit the intangible cultural heritage in Tibet,we had better select the unique space concept in Tibet — Heaven Road as the origin of the design:Stepping on the path into the museums and parks,you will find such a path actually a Heaven Road where you can experience the sky road of the natural environment and feel the man’s road of building space,heritage treasure and national culture,still more achieve clarity and intangibility and face Potala Palace through turning,climbing,alternation of brightness and darkness.This path closely integrates the grandness of Potala Palace,the inside of Jokhang Temple and the abundance of Norbulingka.

參觀者經(jīng)過艱苦的攀爬，一路領(lǐng)略藏地豐富的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，最終達(dá)成和布達(dá)拉宮跨越時(shí)空的對(duì)望。這是一種對(duì)話，更是一種致敬，是向西藏偉大的自然地理和歷史文化致敬，也是向每個(gè)人心中的那片圣地致敬。

抽樣數(shù)據(jù)表明，本題的得分率僅為0.16．學(xué)生在答題時(shí)表述不規(guī)范、推理不嚴(yán)密；學(xué)生無法提取和使用圖形中的有效信息，識(shí)圖、想圖、用圖能力很弱，不能充分觀察研究出所給圖形中的幾何元素的相互關(guān)系；即使能夠觀察研究出相互關(guān)系，也不能將圖形語言轉(zhuǎn)化為文字和符號(hào)語言，更不能利用文字和符號(hào)語言刻畫圖形的相關(guān)性質(zhì)．

Walking among them,you will see a colorful grand-spectacle on living on the Tibetan land,in which are included the forest and vegetation,dancing and singing theater,terraced gardens,miniature landscape,festival place,meditation water courtyard.As long as you follow the sky road,you can dig out that Tibetan culture can wonderfully be played back in the modern way.

形態(tài)生成 Morphogenesis

西藏非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)博物館是由深圳市政府與萬科集團(tuán)出資，并由萬科代建的深圳支援西藏自治區(qū)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。

項(xiàng)目基地位于新開發(fā)的慈覺林文創(chuàng)園區(qū)，地處由拉薩河谷向南延伸形成的平緩地帶，向北與拉薩老城隔河谷相望，而東西南三面，則被山體環(huán)抱。

我們希望這座博物館能成為西藏新的文化地標(biāo)，同時(shí)能以友善的姿態(tài)融于現(xiàn)有的自然環(huán)境和城市肌理之中；另一方面也能與布達(dá)拉宮、大昭寺等西藏重要的歷史建筑產(chǎn)生文脈上的共生關(guān)系，從而形成一種跨越時(shí)空的對(duì)話。

在拉薩這座及其特殊的城市中，自然與人文、歷史與當(dāng)下的種種要素相互交匯疊加，形成了我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的特定條件和思考原點(diǎn)。

西藏是人們心中接近天空的圣地，布達(dá)拉宮和大昭寺更是朝圣的目的地。“天路”作為項(xiàng)目的基本設(shè)計(jì)概念，暗合了藏地最獨(dú)特的自然和文化基因。

在設(shè)計(jì)之中，“天路”概念體現(xiàn)為三個(gè)層面：首先是物理層面的行走路徑，它提取自布達(dá)拉宮之字形步道的原型，經(jīng)過抽象的演繹，構(gòu)成了從場(chǎng)地入口迂回上升進(jìn)入建筑，以及在博物館內(nèi)部螺旋攀升的基本空間動(dòng)線。

其次是空間疊加帶來的特殊體驗(yàn)的路徑：博物館建筑原型從大昭寺主殿演化形成，當(dāng)這種內(nèi)向而穩(wěn)定的空間結(jié)構(gòu)和由天路概念形成的參觀路徑相疊加后，則在人與物理空間之間形成了非常多樣化的關(guān)系，或高狹，或開闊，或幽暗，或明朗，仿佛在經(jīng)歷一段特殊的生命旅程。

而這種特殊的空間經(jīng)驗(yàn)自然而然地引發(fā)了人們心理和情感層面的微妙變化，就成為“天路”的第三重意義——心路。

參觀者經(jīng)過艱苦的攀爬，一路領(lǐng)略了藏地豐富的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，最終達(dá)成和布達(dá)拉宮的跨越時(shí)空的對(duì)望。這是一種對(duì)話，更是一種致敬，是向西藏偉大的自然地理和歷史文化致敬，也是向每個(gè)人心中的那片圣地致敬。

The Tibet Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum is funded by the Shenzhen Municipal Government and Vanke Group,and built by Vanke on behalf of Shenzhen to support key projects in the Tibet Autonomous Region.

The site of the building is located in the newly developed Cijuelin cultural and creative park,which is on a slight slope extending from the Lhasa river valley facing the old city of Lhasa across the river to the north,and surrounded by mountains on east,west and south sides.

We hope the building can be integrated into the existing natural environment and urban texture with a friendly attitude and will become a new cultural landmark in Tibet. Meanwhile,it can also be associated with the important history buildings of Tibet such as the Potala Palace and the Jokhang Temple，creating a symbiotic relationship in the context,and form a dialogue with them across time and space.

Lhasa is a very special city.The elements of nature and humanity,history and modernity are interwoven with each other,which form the specific conditions of our design and the key point of our thinking.

In people's mind,Tibet is a holy place close to the sky .The Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple are pilgrimage destinations.We take "heaven road" as the basic design concept,which is consistent with the most unique nature and cultural genes here.

The concept of "heaven road" is embodied in three levels:firstly,in physical level,it means the walking path,which is extracted from the prototype of zigzag footpath of Potala Palace.It forms a rising spatial circulation from the entrance of the site to the building and spiraling up inside the museum.

Secondly,It means a unique experience of space.The main volume of the museum is evolved from the main hall of the Jokhang Temple,which forms an introverted and stable space.when the space is connected along with the touring path of the “heaven road",It creates a diversified spatial experience that makes people feel tall,narrow,open,dark,or bright in different public space or exhibition rooms.This unique spatial experience also can be seemed as a reflection of a special journey of life.

The mapping from the spatial experience level to the emotional level brings subtle changes in the human heart,that is the third meaning of "heaven road" — a road of heart.

After visitors appreciate the rich intangible cultural heritage of Tibet in the building through a hard climb,they will finally reach the ending point where they can overlook the Potala Palace,the sense of distance and direction forms a dialogue across time and space.It is not only a dialogue but also a tribute -a tribute to the great natural geography,history and culture of Tibet,as well as to the holy land in everyone's heart.

軸測(cè)圖 Axon