雅思寫作詞匯（4）：萬能高分詞匯（續）

在“雅思寫作詞匯”系列里，老雅已經指出，雅思寫作（即使高分段寫作）并不需要特別高端的詞匯。老雅的基本觀點是：如果能準確使用4500左右的詞匯，就能達到寫作7分的詞匯標準。本專欄上期，老雅已經介紹了5個萬能雅思寫作高分詞匯，本期將再介紹5個高分詞匯。需要說明的是，所謂“萬能”，是指這些詞匯在多數題材中都可用到，因此考生既可以為了意思表達需要使用這些詞匯，也可以為了讓這些詞匯出鏡而調整需要表達的意思。

萬能詞匯：involve

involve 這個詞的常用意思為“使卷入……”，但其轉義“包含，需要”在雅思寫作中用處更大。比如：

I seem to have involved myself in something I dont understand. 我似乎已經卷入了我不了解的事情當中。

I dont want to do anything that would involve me in a long-term commitment. 我不想做任何會使自己卷入長期承諾的事情。

Running a kitchen involves lots of discipline and speed. 管理廚房需要講究規矩和速度。

在《劍橋雅思》的一篇關于“中學生是否應該參加社區服務工作”的官方范文中有這么一句：

It has been suggested that high school students should be involved in unpaid community services as a compulsory part of high school programmes. 有人建議，高中生應參與無償的社區服務，作為高中課程的必修課。

在這個句子中，“be involved in”意思是“參加，加入”，相當于 do 或者 take part in。老雅在《劍橋雅思》中還找到一句：The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. 造成這一趨勢的原因之一可能是人們已經認識到，直接從中學升入大學的年輕人在常識和社會經驗方面相當有限。本句的話題是“中學生畢業后是否應該去旅游或工作一年后再上大學”，其中的involve一詞使用非常地道，如果不用這個詞，我們可以用“The reasons for this trend may have something to do with the recognition that...”，意思雖然相同，但詞匯的幅度就下降了不少。

以下我們再看老雅原創的雅思真題高分范文中的兩個例子：

①In my opinion， modern digital means of communication are certainly a positive development because they can help to solve many of our problems. What remains to be done is that we make the best use of them and reduce the risks they may involve. 我認為，現代數字化通訊方式無疑是積極的進步，因為它們可以幫助我們解決很多問題。我們應該做的是充分利用它們，同時降低它們可能帶來的風險。（2017/8/12，現代通訊科技對我們有好處嗎？）

②We need to take good care of these buildings and keep them as long as possible， however much money it may involve， so that they can tell the stories of the city or the nation to our future generations. 我們需要照顧好這些建筑物，并盡可能長時間地保存它們，不管要花多少錢，這樣它們就可以向我們的后代講述城市或國家的故事。（2019/7/18，用于修繕老建筑的錢應該用于新住房和道路建設嗎？）

萬能詞匯：justify

justify 的意思是“證明……有理;為……找理由”，這個詞在以議論為主的雅思作文中使用非常頻繁。比如：

No argument can justify a war. 沒有什么理由能證明戰爭有理。

How do you justify your failure in the final exam？ 你怎么解釋期末考試不及格？

In my opinion， the decision was wholly justified. 在我看來，這個決定完全合理。

The robber tried to justify his crime by saying that he needed money to pay his debts. 搶劫犯說他需要錢來還債，企圖以此為他的罪行辯護。

以下看justify在老雅范文中的使用情況：

①Undoubtedly， such pressing problems as housing， education， and medicare ought to be taken care of by the government， but it is also the responsibility of the government to prepare for the future of the Earth. Seen in this light， a reasonable investment on the life on other planets is perfectly justifiable. 毫無疑問，諸如住房、教育和醫療保險等緊迫的問題應該由政府來解決，但政府也有責任為地球的未來做好準備。從這個角度來看，對其他行星上的生命進行適當投資是完全合理的。（2018/12/1，應該投資太空技術嗎？）

②To make things worse， entertainment producers these days tend to present， quite misleadingly， violent acts as an expression of heroism and have them well justified， giving the viewers， especially those young viewers， a false impression that violence is a cool and always right thing to do. 更糟糕的是，今天的娛樂節目制片人往往將暴力行為塑造成英雄主義氣概，并且把它們描繪得完全正當，這是很有誤導性的，給觀眾（尤其是年輕觀眾）一種錯誤的印象，即暴力是一件很酷也總是正確的事情。（2018/5/20，控制影視中的暴力可以降低犯罪率嗎？）

萬能詞匯：excessive

excessive 使用非常廣泛，表示“過多的;過分的”。比如：

Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 這種藥使用過量會損害肝臟。

Excessive rainfall had made the harvest impossible. 雨量過多，豐收已經不可能了。

Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents， according to the foundation. 據該基金會稱，超速在多達五分之一的致命交通事故中扮演重要角色。

以下看excessive在老雅范文中是如何使用的：

①Generally， more and more employees are experiencing conflicts between their career and personal roles. On the one hand， they are having excessive work responsibilities; while on the other hand， they are having responsibilities for other aspects of their lives. 一般來說，越來越多的員工正經歷著職業角色和個人角色之間的沖突。一方面，他們有過多的工作責任;另一方面，他們有對其生活其他方面負有責任。（2019/7/20，工作與生活難以平衡的原因及解決辦法）

②Besides， as many secondary school students are not yet mature intellectually and mentally， the excessive exposure to international news may actually have negative influence on their ways of looking at their own country. 此外，許多中學生在智識和精神上都還沒有成熟，過度接觸國際新聞實際上可能會對他們看待自己的國家產生負面影響。（2020/8/16，中學生應該學習國際新聞課嗎？）

③There seems to be more and more detailed criminal description on media these days， such as beating， murdering， gun fighting， blood shedding， among others. As I see it， the excessive exposure to these criminal scenes will negatively influence newspaper readers and TV viewers， thus increasing the likelihood of their committing the same crimes in real life， but to restrict them on media is quite another story. 現在，媒體上似乎有越來越詳細的犯罪描述，如毆打、謀殺、槍戰、流血等。在我看來，讀到或看到太多類似犯罪場景將對報紙讀者和電視觀眾產生負面影響，從而增加他們在現實生活中犯下同樣罪行的可能性，但在媒體上限制這些描寫則是另一回事。（2020/10/24，是否應該限制報紙、電視中的犯罪描寫？）

萬能詞匯：eventually

eventually比較常見，其基本意思是“最后地，最終地”，與at last和finally經常可以互換使用。比如：

He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill. 他工作太賣力，最后自己病倒了。

It was a long journey， but we eventually arrived. 旅程很長，但我們最后還是到達了。

Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually replace paper money for almost every purchase. 信貸業中許多人認為，信用卡最終將取代紙幣來完成近乎所有購買。

以下我們看eventually在老雅范文中是如何被使用的：

①Such is human nature that we always ask for more than is necessary for us， which， if not brought well under control， will make us greedy and eventually lead us all the way to prison. 這就是人類的天性，我們總是想得到比自己所需更多的東西，如果不能很好地控制，這個天性會讓我們變得貪婪，最終把我們送進監獄。（2020/8/15，犯罪是天性使然嗎？）

②If the government and individuals alike tried their best to help the criminals by creating job opportunities for them and showing enough respect， I believe they would eventually come back to normal life and would not commit more crimes. 如果政府和個人都盡力幫助罪犯，為他們創造就業機會，并表現出足夠的尊重，我相信他們最終會回歸正常生活，不會再犯罪。（2020/11/7，被懲罰后的罪犯繼續犯罪的原因及解決辦法）

③Most important of all， it is just in not so pure a place as school that kids can learn to tell right from wrong， good from bad and eventually become physically and psychologically healthy individuals when they grow up. 最重要的是，正是在像學校這樣不純的地方，孩子們能夠學會分辨是非對錯，待他們長大之后，最終成為身心健康的人。（2016/2/13，在家教育還是去學校？）

萬能詞匯：apparently

apparently來自于apparent，意思為“顯而易見地;表面上地”。比如：

It was apparent to all that he was guilty. 大家都清楚，他是有罪的。

She heard the news of his death with apparent unconcern. 聽到他的死訊，她看起來無動于衷。

His proposal is apparent to all of us and you do not need to tell us more about it. 我們都明白他的計劃，你不用再告訴我們。

In 1914， an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe plunged Europe into a great war. 1914年，在東歐一個偏遠地區發生的一件看似不起眼的事件，將歐洲拖入到一場大戰中。

以下句子摘自老雅高分范文：

①Today， we can apparently accomplish a lot of things without the help of others， which leads to the popular belief that we are becoming more and more independent. 今天，我們表面上沒有別人的幫助也能夠做成很多事情，這讓大家都相信，我們正變得越來越獨立。（2016/11/05，我們正越來越獨立還是越來越相互依賴？）

②For quite a long time， receiving a good education was the only way for young people to get a decent job and earn a high salary. But now， this is apparently not the case any more. 在很長一段時間內，接受好的教育是年輕人獲好工作、掙高工資的唯一路徑，但是現在看起來似乎不是那樣了。（2017/3/4，年輕人不喜歡學習的原因及解決辦法）

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