泡沫鋁用于新能源汽車(chē)吸能盒的性能分析

王勝永 趙紅 張向鋒 肖志玲 張德海 宋學(xué)謙 李育文 董焱章

摘 要：保險(xiǎn)杠吸能盒的變形特性及吸能效果對(duì)新能源汽車(chē)的安全保障具有重要意義。壓縮試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量得到的壓力-變形曲線(xiàn)表明，雖然泡沫鋁試樣和泡沫鋁填充吸能盒試樣均經(jīng)歷了彈性變形、初始?jí)嚎s穩(wěn)定性失效坍塌、連續(xù)坍塌和壓實(shí)的過(guò)程。然而，泡沫鋁填充吸能盒試樣在壓縮過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)為泡沫鋁與吸能盒內(nèi)壁摩擦力、鋼質(zhì)吸能盒結(jié)構(gòu)、泡沫鋁及胞孔內(nèi)氣體相互耦合作用的過(guò)程，其塑性變形平臺(tái)明顯高于泡沫鋁試樣?？梢?jiàn)，泡沫鋁填充吸能盒結(jié)構(gòu)既具有較寬的應(yīng)力平臺(tái)曲線(xiàn)，同時(shí)又具有較好的變形剛度性能，可以同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足新能源汽車(chē)保險(xiǎn)杠吸能盒應(yīng)具有的大能量吸收和良好抵抗變形的能力。

關(guān)鍵詞：泡沫鋁;吸能盒;變形特性;吸能特性

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：TB122 ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A ? ? 文章編號(hào)：1003-5168（2021）21-0030-04

Performance Analysis of Energy Absorption Bumper with Aluminum Foam of New Energy Vehicles

WANG Shengyong1? ?ZHAO Hong2? ?ZHANG Xiangfeng3? ?XIAO Zhiling1? ?ZHANG Dehai1? ?SONG Xueqian1

LI Yuwen1? ?DONG Yanzhang4

（1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry， Zhenzhou Henan 450002; 2. College of Energy and Power Engineering，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry， Zhengzhou Henan 450002;3.State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment， Dalian University of Technology，Dalian Liaoning 116023;4.College of Automotive Engineering，Hubei University of Automotive Technology，Shiyan Hubei 442000）

Abstract： The deformation characteristics and energy absorption effect of the energy absorption bumper are of great significance to the safety of new energy vehicles.Compression test and force-deformation curves show that both aluminum foam specimen and aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing specimen have exhibited elastic deformation， initial compression stability failure， continuous collapse， and compaction. However， the plastic deformation phases of the aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing specimen is significantly higher than that of the aluminum foam specimen， which is due to the interaction between the fiction of the aluminum foam and the inner wall energy absorption bumper， the structure of the steel energy absorption bumper， the aluminum foam and the gas in the cells. It can be seen that the aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing bumper not only has a wide stress plateau curve， but also has good deformation rigidity performance， which could simultaneously meet the large energy absorption and good resistance to deformation for a new energy vehicle bumper.

Keywords： aluminum foams; energy-absorbing bumper; deformation characteristics; energy absorption properties

面對(duì)汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的能源和環(huán)境問(wèn)題，新能源汽車(chē)已成為世界各國(guó)汽車(chē)工程領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的共識(shí)。我國(guó)制定了《節(jié)能與新能源汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃（2012—2020年）》，推動(dòng)新能源汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)成為國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。隨著質(zhì)量輕、能耗低的新能源汽車(chē)逐步走向市場(chǎng)，其安全性能也越來(lái)越受到重視。歐陽(yáng)明高，Zhang，Li，Sallee，Safdar，Lahimer以及Zhu等[1-7]研究表明相比于傳統(tǒng)燃油汽車(chē)，保險(xiǎn)杠吸能盒若采用傳統(tǒng)的空管結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)不能滿(mǎn)足新能源汽車(chē)的大變形及能量吸收需求。