中國載人航天史

◎供稿：Juno

中國載人航天工程體現了中國的綜合國力，提升了中國的國際威望。發展載人航天需要依靠先進的技術水平、發達的工業基礎和雄厚的經濟實力，對當今世界的政治、經濟和科技等諸多方面具有重大影響，已成為衡量一個國家綜合國力的重要標志。

The history of space exploration in China1)stretches back to 900 A.D., when2)innovators in the country3)pioneered the first rudimentary rockets. Although China did not participate in the space race of the mid-20th century, the country had begun to pursue space travel by the late 1950s. The China National Space Administration sent the first Chinese4)astronaut into space in 2003. Today, China is a major player in the worldwide space exploration effort.

Chinese5)taikonauts have conducted seven manned spacefliɡhts.

中國太空探索的歷史可追溯到公元900年，當時中國的創新者開創了第一枚火箭雛形。雖然中國沒有參加20世紀中期的太空競賽，但到20世紀50年代末，中國已經開始進行太空探索。2003年，中國國家航天局將第一位中國航天員送入太空。今天，中國是世界空間探索的主要參與者。

目前，中國已進行了7次載人航天飛行。

1)stretch [stret?] v.延續；伸展

2)innovator [??n?ve?t?(r)] n.創新者

3)pioneer [?pa???n??(r)] v. 開創

4)astronaut [??str?n??t] n. 宇航員

5)taikonaut [taik?n?:t] n. 航天員

SHENZHOU-5 神舟五號

China6)launched its first manned space mission in 2003, becoming the third country in the world to7)independently develop manned spaceflight, after Russia and the United States.

Yang Liwei became well-known as China's first taikonaut in space after8)orbiting the earth 14 times and traveling some 600,000 kilometers in space in 21 hours.

中國于2003年首次進行載人航天飛行，成為繼俄羅斯和美國之后世界上第三個自主開展載人航天試驗的國家。

楊利偉在21小時內繞地球飛行了14圈,在太空飛行約60萬公里，成為中國第一個在太空中飛行的航天員。

6)launch [l??nt?] v.發射

7)independently [??nd?'pend?ntl?] adv.獨立地

8)orbit [???b?t] v.繞軌道運行

SHENZHOU-6 神舟六號

Two years later, a second manned spacefliɡht in 2005 put two other taikonauts Fei Junlonɡ and Nie Haishenɡ on a five-day journey in space.

The mission aimed to master technology relating to a“multi-person and multiday”orbital fliɡht, as well as to carry out manned space-related scientific experiments and medical experiments.

兩年后，2005年的第二次載人航天飛行中，另外兩名航天員費俊龍和聶海勝進行了為期五天的太空之旅。

該任務旨在掌握與“多人和多天”軌道飛行有關的技術，以及進行載人航天有關的科學實驗和醫學實驗。

SHENZHOU-7 神舟七號

In 2008, China had its first spacewalker.Taikonaut Zhai Zhigang, who was then 42 years old, ventured out of the earth-orbiting Shenzhou-7 spacecraft and became the first Chinese to leave a “footprint in the universe”.China thus became the third country in the world9)capable of spacewalks.

Two other taikonauts Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng were also onboard the Shenzhou-710)spacecraft.

2008年，中國首次擁有了太空行走者。當時42歲的中國航天員翟志剛冒險走出了環繞地球軌道飛行的神舟七號飛船，成為第一個在宇宙中留下“足跡”的中國人。因此，中國成為世界上第三個有能力進行太空行走的國家。

另外兩名航天員劉伯明和景海鵬也登上了神舟七號飛船。

9)capable [?ke?p?bl] adj.有能力的

10)spacecraft [?spe?skrɑ?ft] n.飛船

SHENZHOU-9 神舟九號

During the 13-day journey through space, three taikonauts Jing Haipeng,Liu Wang and Liu Yang, aboard the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft, completed China's first manned space dockinɡ with the country's first space lab Tianɡonɡ-1.

Liu Yang became China's first woman in space.

在為期13天的太空之旅中，三名航天員景海鵬、劉旺和劉洋搭載神舟九號飛船完成了中國首次載人飛船與中國第一個空間實驗室“天宮一號”的交會對接。

劉洋成為中國首位進入太空的女航天員。

SHENZHOU-10 神舟十號

Shenzhou-10 was China's first application-oriented spaceflight. In its 15-day journey in space, Shenzhou-10 docked with the orbiting space lab Tiangong-1 twice,once through11)automatic operation and once12)manually.

Three taikonauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and Wang Yaping spent 12 days in Tiangong-1, where they conducted medical experiments and technical tests.

神舟十號是中國首次以應用為導向的太空飛行。在為期15天的太空之旅中，神舟十號與軌道空間實驗室天宮一號兩次對接，一次自動交會對接，一次手控交會對接。

三位航天員聶海勝、張曉光和王亞平在天宮一號度過了12天，在那里他們進行了醫學實驗和技術測試。

11)automatic [???t??m?t?k] adj.自動的

12)manually [?m?nj??li] adj.手動的

SHENZHOU-11 神舟十一號

In the most recent Shenzhou-11 manned space mission in 2016, China achieved its first mid-term in-orbit stay by puttinɡ two taikonauts, Jinɡ Haipenɡ and Chen Donɡ.The two taikonauts spent a total of 33 days in space.

在2016年的神十一號載人航天飛行任務中，中國將兩名航天員景海鵬和陳冬送入太空實驗室并實現了第一次中期軌道駐留。兩位航天員在太空中共度過了33天。

SHENZHOU-12 神舟十二號

The Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft was launched on June 17th2021 on a Long March 2F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China.

This is China's seventh manned mission to space and the first during the construction of the space station. The three Chinese astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo onboard the Shenzhou-12 spaceship entered the country's space station core module Tianhe, signifying that for the first time the Chinese have entered their own space station

2021年6月17日，神舟十二號載人飛船從中國西北部的酒泉衛星發射中心用長征二號F運載火箭發射升空。

這是中國第七次載人航天飛行任務，也是中國空間站建設期間的第一次載人航天飛行任務。三名航天員聶海勝、劉伯明、湯洪波搭載神舟十二號飛船進入中國空間站核心艙“天河”，標志著中國人首次進入自己的空間站。