2017—2020年度某院流感患者流行病學特征分析

許國耀　　彭夫松　　涂銀萍　　孫春榮

[關鍵詞] 呼吸道感染;流感;流行病學;特征分析

[中圖分類號] R183.1;R511.7? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701（2021）19-0152-04

Epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020

XU Guoyao1? ?PENG Fusong1? ?TU Yinping2? ?SUN Chunrong2

1.Department of Geriatrics， Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing? ?100022， China; 2.Department of Infection， Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing? ?100022， China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020， and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategy. Methods The clinical data of outpatients in Infection Department of a district hospital from November 2017 to February 2020 （the month of influenza pandemic） were collected for retrospective analysis. Results ①The detection rate of influenza virus in different age groups was the highest in 40-60 years old group （54.71%）， followed by 20-39 years old group （36.02%） and over 60 years old group （29.98%）， and the lowest was <20 years old group （4.89%）. ②The number of cases positive for influenza virus in February 2020 was 50 （2.91）， which was 970 （38.86） and 883 （41.38） respectively in February 2018 and February 2019， with statistically significant differences （P<0.001）.③In comparison of the positive rate of influenza virus in the first six weeks from January to February in 2018-2020， there was no significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus between the first week to the second week （P>0.05）; there were significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus among the 3rd week， the 4th week， the 5th week and the 6th week （P<0.001）; the number of cases positive for influenza virus in the 3rd-6th week of 2020 showed a significant decreasing trend [866 （53.33）， 402 （34.87）， 70 （12.70）， 20（4.09）]. Conclusion Compared with 2017-2018 and 2018-2019， the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in 2019-2020 are significantly different. Taking the preventive measures such as wearing masks and home quarantine can significantly reduce the incidence rate of influenza.

[Key words] Respiratory tract infection; Influenza; Epidemiology; Characteristic analysis

流感病毒是引起人類發生的急性呼吸道傳染病，其通過呼吸道飛沫傳播，擴散速度極快，且極易發生抗原漂移和轉變等變異，因此，每年流感都會發生不同規模的暴發和流行，在全球造成嚴重的疾病負擔，更為甚者引起嚴重社會恐慌、經濟損失[1]。流感病毒屬正黏病毒科，核酸為單股負鏈RNA的包膜病毒。根據病毒顆粒表面核蛋白NP與基質蛋白M1，可分為甲、乙、丙型三大類。甲型與乙型流感病毒是引起人類呼吸道疾病的主要病原體。由于流感病毒的高度可變性和不可確定性，流感防控面臨諸多挑戰。監測是預防和控制流感的關鍵策略[2]。本研究通過對跨年度近3年來北京市朝陽區某醫院感染科就診的流感患者情況分析，探討其流行特征，為區域性流感病毒的預防控制提供參考依據，現報道如下。