V-ing形式作賓語補足語和狀語

程亞芳

一、V-ing形式作賓語補足語

【知識清單】

1. 在see， hear， feel， watch， notice， hear等感官動詞后和catch， find， have， keep， leave等動詞之后可以用V-ing 形式作賓語補足語。這時V-ing形式和句子賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，并且V-ing形式表示正在進行的動作。如：

I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感到風迎面吹來。

When the teacher caught the boy student cheating in the exam， he made him go out. 發現這個男學生正在作弊，老師讓他出去了。

The two cheats had the lights burning all the night. 兩個騙子讓燈亮了一個晚上。

2. 以上結構中有很多可變為被動形式。如：

He was found / spotted / caught lying on the ground. 有人發現他躺在地上。

The papers were left lying around. 文件散落一地。

3. 動詞不定式和V-ing形式作賓語補足語的區別。

在see， hear， feel， watch， notice等感官動詞后，既可用V-ing形式作賓語補足語，也可用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，兩者之間有一定的區別。用V-ing形式時，表示動作正在進行;用動詞不定式時，表示動作的全過程。如：

Do you hear someone knocking at the door？ 你聽見有人正在敲門嗎？（表動作）

Do you hear someone knock at the door？ 你聽見有人敲門了嗎？（表全過程）

注意：表全過程時變被動時加to。（see sb. do—sb. be seen to do）

二、V-ing形式作狀語

【知識清單】

V-ing形式可以在句子中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發生的時間、原因、條件、結果、讓步、方式或伴隨狀況。其基本句型：V-ing短語+主語+謂語+句子的其他成分。如：

Having worked for four hours， she stopped to have her meal. （時間）她干了四個小時后停下來吃飯。

Exercising every morning， you will improve your health. （條件）如果每天做早操，你的健康會好轉。

Granting the achievements to be great， there is still something to be desired. （讓步）盡管成績是巨大的，但仍然有一些要求改進的東西。

They began to build their dreams， eventually making them a reality. （結果）他們開始構建夢想，最終將夢想變成現實。

We spend most of our waking hours communicating. （方式）我們清醒時的大部分時間都在交流。

Having no interest in the topic， he didnt go to the lecture. （原因）由于對這個話題沒興趣，他沒去參加講座。

We were sitting by the window， talking about what happened yesterday. （伴隨）我們坐在窗戶邊，談論著昨天發生的事。

【溫馨提示】

1. V-ing形式作狀語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語。如果主語不一致，保留各自的主語。

2. 一般來說，如果V-ing形式表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生或近乎同時發生，則V-ing短語放在句首。

3. 如果V-ing形式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，則V-ing短語放在句子的結尾。

4. 當分詞表示的動作發生在主句的動作之前時，用V-ing形式的完成式（having done）作狀語，放在句首，譯作“在……之后”，此時它可以替換為“after+動名詞”這一結構。如：

Having turned off the TV set， he began to go over his lessons. 關掉電視機以后，他便開始復習功課。

=After turning off the TV set， he began to go over his lessons.

【記憶口訣】

1. 分詞作狀語，主語是問題。逗號前后兩動作，共用一主語。

2. 主語找出后，先看詞性（及物動詞無賓語用done，有賓語用doing;系動詞和不及物動詞用doing），再來判關系。主動用V-ing， 被動用V-ed。

3. having done 表先后，千萬要牢記。

【實戰演練】

一、單句語法填空。

1. ____ （find） the course very difficult， she decided to move to a lower level.

2. Our car was caught in a traffic jam， thus ____（cause） the delay.

3. We wont have you ____ （get） away with telling people lies.

4. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made ____ （work） in the restaurant.

5. ____ （wait） in the queue for half an hour， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.

6. The lady walked around the shops， ____ （keep） an eye out for bargains.

7. We heard them ____ （quarrel） about money after the concert; they looked very angry.

8. I noticed my little son ____ （read） the words ____ （write） on his small blackboard.

9. ____ （look） at my classmates faces， I read the same excitement in their eyes.

10. ____ （fail） to reach them on the phone， we sent an e-mail instead.

11. They knew her very well. They had seen her ____ （grow） up from childhood.

12. Paul doesnt have to be made ____ （learn）. He always works hard.

13. I smell something ____ （burn） in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？

14. We explored the cave， Black ____ （act） as a guide.

15. At the press conference Yao Ming announced a personal decision， ____ （end） his career as a basketball player.

二、用V-ing形式完成下面的短文，使文章更生動。

1. ________ （站起來四周走動）， the young mother held her 2. ________（微笑的） baby. He was very quiet and peaceful， 3. ________ （好奇地看著他的周圍）. After a while， his mother， 4. ________ （因為累了）， sat down. The baby immediately started to cry. 5. ________ （在她的手臂中跳上跳下）， he screamed at the top of his lungs. The 6. ________ （皺眉的） mother quickly pulled a bottle out of her bag and gave it to her baby. 7. _________ （緊緊地抓著瓶子）， the baby was again quiet and peaceful. 8. _________ （看著孩子歡快地喝著）， she smiled in relief.