德班高層公寓競賽方案設計

建設單位：國際競賽

項目地點：南非德班

設計單位：哈維爾?莫斯蓋拉建筑師事務所

建筑面積：12 500 平方米

Client:Open international competition

Location:Durban,South Africa

Architect:Javier Mosquera Arquitectos

Building Area:12 500 m2

該項目將成為德班市的新地標。一座木制塔樓從被樹木覆蓋的場地中拔地而起。看似自由的立面形式將保護室內免受烈日影響。作為二十一世紀的公寓樓，它的建造也是對時代的回應。該項目將以一種實驗性的模塊化方式建造，并完全用木質結構元件。“萬字”形的平面布局使每層的房屋單元和其它空間都略有不同。這使自由的平面，剖面和立面的組合成為可能。因此該方案展示了一種美學和多種功能可能性相結合的類型學模型。

公寓樓分為三個部分。底部為包含零售功能的5m 通高空間，略微低于地平高度，被綠植環繞。這使該建筑與德班市的城市交通與生活節奏區分開。中間部分由沿住房單元和包含樓梯與電梯的交通核組成。通過削減一些體塊創造出新的露天空間成為居民的私人花園。一座高層建筑同樣應為使用者提供親近自然和開放空間的機會。居民可以從陽臺眺望城市街景和遠處的海灣。建筑的最高層配備公共服務設施，包括托兒所，游泳池和健身房。這是一個更大的露臺，向城市和天空開放。

木材是一種獨特的結構材料。在該項目中，它體現對于環境的尊重，并同時向室外和室內傳遞這種信息。公寓樓中央核心由交錯層壓板（CLT）制成，周邊結構使用膠木梁加固。額外的交錯層壓板將這兩個部分連接在一起。建筑內部垂直結構也使用層壓板，它可適應平面和房屋單元的多種布局形式。同時建筑外立面框架也由層壓板制成，它們的自由組合為城市帶來了新的標志性景觀。

A new landmark in the city of Durban.A new wooden tower raises itself from the trees on the ground.It is composed by free elevations,unpredictables,that as brise-soleis protect the interior of the building from the incoming sun.As a new inhabitant of the XXI century,its construction is also a response to its time.An experimental modular housing tower,built completely with wooden structural elements.The swastika layout in every level,lets an aleatory variation of the housing units and the other parts of the building.By doing this,a free composition of plans,sections and elevations is possible.It is then,a typological model with infinite combinations both esthetics and functionals.

The building is divided into three parts.The plinth,with the retail areas with a free height of 5m,are placed around a Green public space,slightly sunk into the ground and separated from the traffic and the pace of life of the city of Durban.The intermediate volume is composed by the combination of housing units around the central core,with the stairs and elevators.By subtracting some elements of those housing units,new open air spaces are created,as private gardens for the owners.A tall building should also have the possibility to enjoy the nature and open spaces.From those terraces,the city of Durban and its coast and harbour could be seen.In the top of the building is where the common areas are placed,such as the nursery,the swimming pool and the gym.Again a terrace appears,but in this case,open to the city and to the sky.

The wood understood as the unique and singular constructive material.Being respectful with the environment,is shown to the exterior and to the interior of the building.The central core is made of CLT panels.The perimeter is reinforced with a gluelam beam.Between these two elements,and joining them together,CLT panels are placed.The interior vertical structure is also made of CLT panels which adapt themselves to the several layouts of the plans and housing units.The elevations are made of structural CLT panels,and their free composition give to the city a new iconic view.