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新疆翠雀花屬三新種

2021-06-10 09:01:47王文采楊宗宗
廣西植物 2021年3期
關鍵詞:新疆

王文采 楊宗宗

摘 要:該文描述了在新疆維吾爾族自治區發現的毛茛科翠雀花屬三新種,包括隸屬于密花翠雀花組高翠雀花亞組的二新種,即布爾津翠雀花(Delphinium buerjinense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang)和尼勒克翠雀花(D. nilekeense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang),以及隸屬于翠雀花組須花翠雀花亞組的一新種,即哈巴河翠雀花(D. habaheense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang);此外,還分別描述了此三新種與近緣種的區別特征。

關鍵詞: 毛茛科, 翠雀花屬, 新種, 新疆

中圖分類號:Q949

文獻標識碼:A

文章編號:1000-3142(2021)03-0327-07

收稿日期:2021-01-03

基金項目:中國科學院植物研究所資助王文采院士科研活動經費(110100PZ07) [Supported by the Fund for WANG Wen-tsai Academician Scientific Research of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (110100PZ07)]。

作者簡介: 王文采(1926-),研究員,中國科學院院士,著名植物分類學家,長期從事有花植物分類學研究。

Three new species of Delphinium? L. (Ranunculaceae)

from Xinjiang

WANG Wen-tsai1, YANG Zongzong2

( 1. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; 2. Yangs Herbarium, Urumqi 830011, China )

Abstract:Three species of the genus Dephinium L. (Ranunculaceae), D. buerjinense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang and D. nilekeense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, belonging to Sect. Elatopsis Subsect. Elata, and D. habaheense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, belonging to Sect. Delphinastrum Subsect. Pogonantha, are described as new from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The diagnostic differences between the three species and their allies are given respectively.

Key words: Ranunculaceae, Delphinium, new species, Xinjiang

布爾津翠雀花 圖1

Delphinium buerjinense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, sp. nov. Fig. 1

(Sect.Elatopsis Huth Subsect. Elata W. T. Wang)

Ob racemos floribus 10-20 densissimis praeditos species nova haec est similis Delphinium gongliuensi W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, a quo caulibus puberulis, foliorum laminis prope basin 3-partitis, racemis simplicibus, bracteolis anguste linearibus apice haud apiculatis, carpellis glabris praeclare differt. In D. gongliuensi, caules hirtelli, foliorum laminae leviter ultra medium 3-partitae, racemi compositi, bracteolae lineares apice longe apiculatae, et carpellorum ovaria puberula sunt.

Perennial herbs, 29-40 cm tall. Stems simple, puberulous, above base 4-5 mm across. Basal leaves 1-2; blades papery, pentagonal, 3 × 4.5-6 cm, at base deeply cordate, 3-parted to near base, central primary lobe obovate-rhombic, 3-lobed, with secondary lobes 1-2-lobulate, lateral primary lobes flabellate, unequally 3-parted, on both surfaces sparsely puberulous and mixed with glandular hairs; petioles 5-6 cm long. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves, but larger, 4-6 × 9-10 cm, with central lobes rhombic or narrowly rhombic, and with petioles 2-7 cm long. Raceme terminal, 4-8 cm long, very densely 10-20-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels 0.3-1 cm long, with rachis and bracteoles densely puberulous and mixed with glandular hairs, above with narrow-linear bracteoles5-7 mm long. Flower: Sepals blue-purple, adaxially glabrous, abaxially puberulous and mixed with short glandular hairs, limb of upper sepal narrow-ovate,14 × 6 mm, spur subulate, 14-15 mm long, lateral sepals long elliptic, 15 × 6 mm, lower sepals obliquely obovate, 13×8 mm. Petals 2, black, glabrous. Staminodes 2, black; limbs oblong-elliptic, 6 × 3.5 mm, 2-lobed, on the middle densely barbate; claws 6 mm long. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments 6 mm long, below narrow-triangular, above filiform; anthers 1.5 × 0.8 mm. Carpels 3, glabrous; ovaries 2 × 0.8 mm, with inconspicuous netted nerves; styles1.1-1.5 mm long.

新疆(Xinjiang):布爾津縣,喀納斯湖(Buerjin County, Kanas Lake), alt. 1 820 m,山坡草地,萼片藍紫色,有腺毛(in grassy place on slope, sepals blue-purple, with glandular hairs), 2020-07-06, 楊宗宗(Yang Zongzong) 3191 (holotype, PE; isotype, Yangs Herbarium);同地(seme locality), alt.1 820 m, 山坡草地,萼片近紫色 (in grassy place on slope, sepals subpurple), 2020-07-06,楊宗宗3190 (paratype, Yangs Herbarium)。

此種的總狀花序有10~20朵極為密集的花,因此與也具此特征的鞏留翠雀花(Delphinium gongliuense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang)相似,與后者的區別在于此種的莖被短柔毛,葉片3深裂達近基部,總狀花序簡單,小苞片狹條形,頂端不具細尖頭,心皮無毛。在鞏留翠雀花,莖被微硬毛,葉片3深裂稍超過中部,總狀花序復雜,小苞片條形,頂端具長細尖頭,心皮子房被短柔毛(王文采和楊宗宗,2020)。

尼勒克翠雀花 圖2

Delphinium nilekeense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, sp. nov. Fig. 2

(Sect.Elatopsis Huth Subsect. Elata W. T. Wang)

Ob foliorum laminarum forma, staminodii limbum nigrum subquadratum 4 mm longum apice 2-lobulatum species nova haec est affinis Delphinium iliensi Huth, a quo caulibus dense hispidis, racemis compositis, pedicellis dense puberulis, sepalis persistentibus, carpellorum ovariis dense puberulis, seminibus dense transversaliter anguste lamellatis distinguitur. In D. iliense, caules sparse hispidi, racemi simplices, pedicelli glabri, carpellorum ovaria subglabra, semina tantum ad angulos anguste alata sunt.

Perennial herbs, 90-108 cm tall. Stems simple, above base 6-10 mm across, densely spreading-hispid. Basal leaves 1-2, long petiolate; blades papery, pentagonal, ca. 9×15 cm, 3-parted to 2 cm above base, central primary lobe rhombic, 4.5 cm broad, secondary lobes with few triangular lobules and acute teeth, lateral primary lobes obliquely flabellate, ca. 9 cm broad, unequally 2-cleft; surfaces adaxially and abaxially appressed-puberulous and mixed with glandular hairs; petioles 15-24 cm long. Lower cauline leaves similar to basal ones, and upper cauline leaves smaller and shortly petiolate. Compound raceme terminal, 24-38 cm long, terminal raceme 14-20 cm long, 14-28-flowered, lateral racemes 3-4, 7-10 cm long, densely 6-10-flowered; lower bracts similar to upper cauline leaves,

upper bracts smaller, 3-sect, with entire narrow- lanceolate segments; pedicels 0.4-2.8 cm long, with rachis and bracteoles densely puberulous and mixed with yellow glandular hairs, above or near apex with linear bracteoles 4-6 mm long. Flower: Sepals blue-purple, persistent, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely appressed-puberulous and mixed with glandular hairs, limb of upper sepal broad-ovate, ca. 11-12×8.5 mm, spur subulate, 11-12 mm long, lateral sepals orbicular-ovate, ca. 13×9 mm, lower sepals broad-elliptic, ca. 12×7.5 mm. Petals 2, black, glabrous. Staminodes 2; limbs black, subquadrate, ca. 4 × 3.5 mm, on apex 2-lobulate, on the middle densely barbate, on above margin long ciliate; claws whitish, ca. 5 mm long. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments 7 mm long, below narrow-triangular, above filiform; anthers ca. 1.2×1 mm. Carpels 3; ovaries ellipsoidal, 4 × 2 mm, densely puberulous; styles 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Follicles narrow-ovoid, ca. 11×4 mm, densely puberulous; persistent styles 3 mm long, glabrous. Seeds black, inconspicuously cuneate-tetrahedral, 2 mm long, densely trangsversely narrow-lamellate.

新疆 (Xinjiang):尼勒克縣,獨庫公路,喬爾瑪 (Nileke County, Duku High-way, Qiaoerma), alt.2 420 m,山坡草地,萼片藍紫色,宿存,有黃色腺毛 (in grassy place on slope, sepals blue-purple, persistent, with yellow glandular hairs), 2019-08-07,楊宗宗 (Yang Zongzong) 2531 (holotype, PE; isotype, Yangs Herbarium);同地 (seme locality), alt. 2 380 m,山坡,萼片藍紫色,混生腺毛 (on slope, sepals blue-purple, mixed with glandular hairs),2019-08-07,楊宗宗 2538(paratype, Yangs Herbarium)。

此種的葉片五角形,3深裂,退化雄蕊瓣片黑色,近方形,頂端2微裂,因此與也具上述特征的伊犁翠雀花(Delphinium iliense Huth)在親緣關系上相近;與后者的區別在于此種的莖密被糙硬毛,總狀花序復雜,花梗密被短柔毛,萼片宿存,心皮子房也密被短柔毛,種子具橫向密集的狹片。在伊犁翠雀花,莖疏被糙硬毛,總狀花序簡單,花梗無毛,萼片脫落,心皮子房近無毛,種子只沿棱有狹翅(王文采,2019-2020)。

哈巴河翠雀花 圖3

Delphinium habaheense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, sp. nov. Fig. 3

(Sect.Delphinastrum DC. Subsect. Pogonantha W. T. Wang)

Ob foliorum laminas 3-partitas, pedicellos pilis flavis glandulosis obtectos prope vel ad apicem 2-bracteolatos, bracteolas anguste lineares, petala et staminodia caerulea, gynoecium ex carpellis tribus constans species nova haec est affinis Delphinium umbroso Hand.-Mazz., a quo racemis compositis, calcari sepalino limbo sepali superi levissime longiore, staminodiorum limbis apice 2-lobatis, carpellis glabris differt. In D. umbroso, racemi simplices, calcar sepalinum limbo sepali superi multo longius, staminodiorum limbi apice ad dimidium 2-fidi, carpellorum ovaria pilis brevibus praedita sunt.

Perennial herbs ca. 100 cm tall. Stems simple, below glabrous, above with very sparse short hairs. Basal leaf small; blade broad-ovate, ca. 2.5×2.8 cm, 3-parted; petiole 6 cm long. Lower cauline leaves long petiolate; blades papery, pentagonal,6.5-7 × 11-13 cm, at base deeply cordate, 3-parted to 1 cm above base, central primary lobe broad-rhombic, ca. 4.4 cm broad, 3-lobed, secondary lobes with lobules narrow-ovate or linear-lanceolate and at apex mostly slightly obtuse, lateral primary lobes larger, flabellate, ca. 9 cm broad, unequally 3- or 2-parted, with upper secondary lobes similar to central primary lobe, other secondary lobes smaller, on both surfaces puberulous and mixed with glandular hairs; petioles ca. 13 cm long. Upper cauline leaves similar to lower ones, but smaller, and with lobules linear-lanceolate at apex long attenuate. Compoud racemes terminal, 18-40 cm long, terminal racemes 12-17 cm long, densely 30-60-flowered, lateral racemes 2-4, ca. 5 cm long, 7-10-flowered; bracts similar to upper cauline leaves; pedicels 3-10 mm long, with rachis densely appressed-puberulous and mixed with dense yellow glandular hairs, near or on apex with narrow-linear bracteoles 4-8 mm long. Flower: Sepals blue-purple, adaxially glabrous, abaxially puberulous and mixed with dense short glandular hairs, limb of upper sepal broad-ovat, 10-13×10 mm, spur subulate,11-14 mm long, lateral sepals obovate,14 × 8 mm, lower sepals also obovate, 12 × 7 mm. Petals 2, yellowish, glabrous. Staminodes 2, blue (sometimes

blue-white); limbs subelliptic, ca. 7 × 3.8 mm, at apex 2-lobed, above base densely barbate, on above margin ciliate; claws as long as limbs. Stamens numerous; filiments 6 mm long, with a few short hairs, below narrow-triangular, above filiform; anthers broad-oblong, 0.8×0.4 mm, glabrous. Carpels 3, glabrous; ovaries ovate-oblong, 2.5-0.8 mm; styles 1.2-1.4 mm long.

新疆(Xinjiang):哈巴河縣,哈龍溝 (Habahe County, Halonggou), alt. 1 530 m,灌叢草地,葉綠色,有腺毛,萼片藍紫色,密被腺毛 (on bush-meadow, leaves green, with glandular hairs, sepals blue-purple, with dense glandular hairs), 2020-06-09,楊宗宗,劉愛民 (Yang Zongzong & Liu Aimin) 2977 (holotype, PE);同地(same locality), alt.1 530 m,灌叢草地,葉綠色,有腺毛,萼片藍紫色,密被腺毛,2020-06-09,楊宗宗,劉愛民2973(Yangs Herbarium);同地 (same locality), alt.1 550 m,山坡草地,莖上部有白霜,葉綠色,有腺毛,萼片藍紫色,有腺毛,退化雄蕊藍白色,心皮近無毛 (in grassy place on slope, stem above glaucous, leaves green, with glandular hairs, sepals blue-purple, with glandular hairs, staminodes blue-white, carpels sugblabrous),2020-06-09,楊宗宗,劉愛民2962-1,2962-2 (Yangs Herbarium)。

此種的葉片3深裂,花梗被黃色腺毛,近頂端或在頂端有2狹條形小苞片,花瓣和退化雄蕊藍色,雌蕊群由3枚心皮組成,因此與也具上述特征的陰地翠雀花(Delphinium unbrosum Hand.-Mazz.)有相近的親緣關系;與后者的區別在于此種的總狀花序復雜,萼距比上萼片瓣片稍長,退化雄蕊瓣片頂端2淺裂,心皮無毛。在陰地翠雀花,總狀花序簡單,萼距比上萼片瓣片長的多,退化雄蕊瓣片頂端2裂達瓣片的一半,心皮的子房被短毛(王文采,2019;王文采,2020)。

致謝 翠雀花屬的上萼片由瓣片 (limb) 和距 (spur) 組成,但在本文第一作者編寫的我國翠雀花屬分類學著作(王文采,1962,1979, 2019-2020;Wang & Warnock, 2001)中,均將上萼片的瓣片誤稱為上萼片,最近,蘇志云教授指出這一錯誤描述,對他的指正,在此謹表示深切的感謝;深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖,并打印稿件。

參考文獻:

WANG WT, 1962. A preliminary study of Chinese Delphinium [J]. Acta Bot Sin, 10(1): 59-89; 10(2): 138-165;10(3): 264-284.? [王文采, 1962. 中國毛茛科翠雀屬的初步研究 [J]. 植物學報, 10(1): 59-89; 10(2): 138-165; 10(3):264-284.]

WANG WT, 1979.Delphinium[M]//Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 27: 326-462.? [王文采, 1979. 翠雀屬 [M]//中國植物志. 北京:科學出版社, 27: 326-426.]

WANG WT, WARNOCK MJ, 2001. Delphinium[M]//WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 6: 223-274.

WANG WT, 2019. A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (I)[J]. Guihaia, 39(11): 1452-1469.? [王文采, 2019. 中國翠雀花屬修訂 (一)[J]. 廣西植物, 39(11): 1425-1469.]

WANG WT, YANG ZZ, 2020. Two new species of Delphinium from Xinjiang [J]. Bull Bot Res, 40(6): 801-804.? [王文采, 楊宗宗, 2020. 新疆翠雀花屬二新種 [J]. 植物研究, 40(6): 801-804.]

WANG WT, 2020. Arevision of the genus Delphinium (Ranun culaceae) of China (Ⅱ) [J]. Guihaia, 40(Suppl.): 1-254. [王文采, 2020. 中國翠雀花屬修訂(二) [J]. 廣西植物, 40(增刊): 1-254.]

(責任編輯 蔣巧媛)

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