多媒體閱讀

Two years ago， I had a very straightforward reading pattern. Every few days， Id read a book. I would immerse myself in its characters and storylines， swim in its style， snatch up every opportunity throughout the day to return to its enveloping world. Then I would finish it， and start another one.

Things were so simple then.

I wish I could blame it on the Christmas eReader， but my evolution into schizophrenic multimedia literature butterfly started long before it landed in my lap–via iPod and Audible， Twitter and Gutenberg， and brick-like new-writing magazines that take weeks to digest. My reading has taken on a strangely driven， guilty quality， as I try to justify the cost of all those subscriptions and all that hardware by consuming fiction in an unprecedentedly multiplicitous and simultaneous way.Secretly， I long to return to a world in which I had a loving， stable relationship with one paperback at a time.

A day in my life as a literary butterfly starts at 7：30a. m.， with a few select paragraphs from the short story in last weekends Sunday papers over a morning cup of tea. By 8：30a. m.， Im fully plugged into my latest audiobook as I stride to the station. On the tube， its the rush to plough through the story and poems in the latest， expensively imported edition of the New Yorker， before next weeks lands on my mat. Throughout the day， I might catch up on a Twitter novel every few minutes， or check out the latest freemium offering from an enterprising new author. Back on the tube， I crack out the eReader， scroll past the 100 free books I havent even dipped into， and try to settle into the download I just had to buy to see if it worked. Finally， at bedtime， I open my book—my real， smelly， prefix-free book—and fall asleep， waking six hours later with ink on my face.

A recent study by Stanford Universitys Department of Psychology has （in the time-honoured fashion of research） told us something we know all too well： we children of the long tail economy pay the price of unlimited choice with the misery of the always-something-better-out-there syndrome. “Even in contexts where choice can foster freedom， empowerment， and independence”， says the studys author， Professor Hazel Markus， “it is not an unalloyed good. Choice can also produce a numbing uncertainty， depression， and selfishness.”

As psychologist Barry Schwarz puts it in his brilliant TED Talk on the Paradox of Choice， “theres no question that some choice is better than none， but theres some magical amount. I dont know what it is. Im pretty confident that we have long since passed the point where options improve our welfare.” And its true： I love the fact that I can download some great new authors self-published PDF onto my screen， that I can carry the electronic Riverside Chaucer wherever I go， that I can access almost any obscure old tome from Amazon marketplace and get the cream of the fictional crop delivered quarterly to my door. But its a long time since I experienced the intense pleasure of leisurely browsing; the careful selection and devoted reading of a single text. For me， reading has become a fractured competitive sport.

There is joy in this cornucopia of ways to consume quality literature， but there is also anxiety and loss—I feel like an alcoholic pushed into a permanently stocked bar， and I cant even taste the merlot because Im trying to down a tequila and sip a martini at the same time. Im dying to return to the mono-media of paper and glue. But Im just not sure that Im strong enough to resist the lure of that Dickens in my pocket; the new Jim Crace short story nestling in that mega-zine.

兩年前，我的閱讀方式很簡單。花幾天時間讀一本書。我會把自己沉浸在人物和故事情節中，暢游于書的寫作風格中，每天只要有時間，我都會回到那個被封存起來的世界。讀完這本后接著開始讀另一本。

那時候就那么簡單。

我希望我能歸咎于圣誕禮物——電子閱讀器，但早在擁有電子閱讀器前，我就開始變成了一個“精神分裂”的多媒體文學讀者——通過隨身聽、在線聽書網站、推特和古登堡網站，還要花幾個星期來消化磚頭般的新作品雜志。我的閱讀變得多而雜亂，為了試著證明自己在訂閱書籍和購買硬件設備方面的花費物有所值，我以前所未有的多樣化、同步的方式閱讀書籍。其實我心里渴望回到從前的世界，每次只與一本書建立一段充滿愛而穩定的關系。

我這只“文學蝴蝶”的一天從早上七點三十分開始，泡一杯茶，看幾段上周末周日報紙上的短篇故事精選。八點三十分，在趕往車站的路上，我會戴上耳機，聽最新的電子書。在地鐵上，我粗略瀏覽最新一期昂貴的進口版《紐約客》上的故事和詩歌，為了趕在下周新刊到達前看完。這一天里，可能每過幾分鐘我就會查看推特上的小說，或在免費增值網站上查看某位野心勃勃的新作家的作品。搭地鐵回家時，我拿出電子閱讀器，忽略那100本還沒看過的免費書，看看我購買的書下載成功沒有。最后，睡前，我打開書——我那真正的書，有著特殊味道、不帶前綴（e）的書——然后睡著，六個小時后醒來，墨水印在臉上。

斯坦福大學心理學院最近的一項長期研究告訴我們早就熟知的研究結果：我們這些成長于“長尾經濟”時代的孩子要為大量的選擇付出代價，我們的癥狀是“總有更好的東西”。“選擇給了我們更多的自由、權力和獨立性，即使在這樣的前提下，”該研究的發起人黑澤爾·馬庫斯教授說，“這也不完全是件好事。選擇還會帶來令人麻木的猶豫、壓抑和自私。”

正如心理學家巴里·施瓦茨在TED上那場關于“選擇的矛盾”的出色演講中所說，“有選擇當然比沒選擇要好，但這其中有著某個奇妙的數量。我不知道是多少。我確信我們的選擇早就多得有損自身利益了。”確實是這樣：我很高興可以下載一些優秀的新作者自己推出的PDF版作品到我的電子設備上，可以隨身帶著電子版的《河畔喬叟》，可以在亞馬遜商城買到任意一本晦澀的舊著作，可以訂閱一些精品小說（每三個月送貨上門一次）。但我已經很久沒有感受到閑適地翻閱書本的樂趣;細心挑選并身心投入地閱讀一本書。對我來說，閱讀已成了一場碎片化的競技比賽。

以這種豐富多樣的方式閱讀優秀的文學作品固然能獲得愉悅感，但同時也有憂慮和失落——我感覺自己是一個酗酒者，被推進了藏酒室，但我連梅洛的味道都嘗不到，因為我在咽下龍舌蘭酒的同時又想嘗一口馬提尼酒。我渴望回到由紙張和膠水組成的單一媒體時代。但我不確定自己能否抵抗口袋里的狄更斯電子書和電子雜志上吉姆·克雷斯的新短篇小說的誘惑。